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探明红壤旱地花生进行稻草覆盖的最佳时期。通过设定播种后1 d(T1)、出苗后10 d(T2)、始花期(T3)、盛花期(T4)、结荚期(T5)开始覆盖稻草5个处理,以全程无覆盖(CK)为对照,研究覆盖时期对花生产量形成及旱地生态的影响。花生出苗前稻草覆盖会显著降低花生的出苗率,降低产量,而出苗后10 d到结荚期进行稻草覆盖均可以有效的抑制杂草发生,保持土壤水分、降低土壤温度,并有利于减缓花生叶片的衰老,增加后期绿叶数,延长花生叶片的功能,促进根瘤生长,有效的提高花生产量。江西红壤旱地花生稻草覆盖可减少杂草的发生、改善土壤温湿条件,有利于产量形成,适宜的覆盖始期为齐苗后10 d左右,过早或过迟进行覆盖,效果均受影响,甚至会减产。 相似文献
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Methods of assessing extinction risk in marine fishes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nicholas K Dulvy Jim R Ellis Nicholas B Goodwin Alastair Grant John D Reynolds & Simon Jennings 《Fish and Fisheries》2004,5(3):255-276
The decline and disappearance of species from large parts of their former geographical range has become an important issue in fisheries ecology. There is a need to identify which species are at risk of extinction. The available approaches have been subject to considerable debate – particularly when applied to commercially exploited species. Here we have compiled methods that have been used or may be used for assessing threat status of marine organisms. We organize the methods according to the availability of data on the natural history, ecology and population biology of species. There are three general approaches to inferring or assessing extinction risk: (i) correlative approaches based on knowledge of life histories and ecology; (ii) time‐series approaches that examine changes in abundance; and (iii) demographic approaches based on age‐ or stage‐based schedules of vital rates and fisheries reference points. Many methods are well suited to species that are highly catchable and/or have relatively low productivity, but theory is less well developed for assessing extinction risk in species exhibiting narrow geographical distributions or ecological specialization. There is considerable variation in both definitions of extinction risk and the precision and defensibility of the available risk assessment methods, so we suggest a two‐tiered approach for defining and assessing extinction risk. First, simple methods requiring a few easily estimated parameters are used to triage or rapidly assess large numbers of populations and species to identify potentially vulnerable populations or species. Second, the populations and species identified as vulnerable by this process can then be subject to more detailed and rigorous population analysis explicitly considering sources of error and uncertainty. 相似文献
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The effects of soil water availability on suberin lamellae formation in the endodermis and exodermis and the occurrence of cell wall thickening in the cortex in red bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) tree roots were examined during tissue aging. For several months, red bayberry trees were grown in small baskets under dry, normal, and waterlogged soil water conditions. Transverse sections of roots from 5 mm from the tip to the basal portion were stained with several staining solutions and the cell structure was observed. Root anatomical development was significantly changed by soil water conditions. The suberin lamellae in the endodermis formed later in plants grown under dry conditions than in those grown under waterlogged conditions. Cell wall thickening in the cortex near the endodermis was promoted by drought, but apparently not by waterlogged conditions. 相似文献
139.
不同架式对设施葡萄光合特性及果实品质的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
以设施红提葡萄为试材,研究不同的整形方式对葡萄叶片光合特性和光合关键酶活性的影响。结果表明:与扇形整形方式相比,L形和FI形整形方式可明显提高叶面积;在果实迅速发育时期,L形整形方式显著提高了叶绿素含量,Rubisco及Rubisco活化酶活性显著升高;同时,叶片质膜ATPase和叶绿体膜ATPase活性也显著升高,从而提高了叶片的光合速率。L形、FI形和V形整形方式均不同程度提高了平均单果质量、可溶性固形物含量,降低了可滴定酸含量,而L形则显著地提高了果实的品质。因此,适当的整形方式可通过调节提高设施葡萄的叶绿含量、光合关键酶和ATPase活性来提高光合速率,最终提高果实的品质。 相似文献
140.
Nurun Nahar Khanam Junichi Kihara Yuichi Honda Toshihide Tsukamoto Sakae Arase 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(4):285-288
When detached broad bean leaves were preinoculated with virulent strain B304 of Botrytis cinerea 24 h before a challenge inoculation with strain B304, lesion formation by B304 was significantly inhibited in red light but not in the dark. In leaves that were preinoculated with avirulent strain 021 and then challenged by B304, however, lesion formation was not inhibited even under red light. Such differences in lesion formation after the challenge inoculation with an avirulent strain were also observed with lesions caused by Alternaria alternata, a nonpathogen of broad bean and by avirulent strain 021R in the presence of germination fluid from spores of strains B304 and 021R. These results suggest the possibility that virulent B. cinerea produced a suppressor involved in induced susceptibility and an elicitor involved in resistance induced by red light during spore germination. 相似文献