自来水的软化处理在葡萄组织培养中的应用

用软化水制备B5培养基对红地球葡萄试管苗进行了培养。结果表明,自来水添加K3PO4·3H2O,0.6 g/L+煮沸5 min的软化效果最佳,Ca2+离子浓度由84.75 mg/L降至2.66 mg/L,Mg2+离子浓度由26.62 mg/L降至8.85 mg/L,硬度由18°降低为2.37°。用该软化水配制的培养基,试管苗生长正常,株高、茎粗优于用蒸馏水配制的培养基。用K3PO4·3H2O软化的自来水可应用于葡萄试管苗的组织培养。     

氮肥对红三叶和鸭茅草地生产性能影响的研究

本文对红三叶和鸭茅单、混播草地对施氮肥的反应情况进行了研究，发现氮肥对鸭茅的株高、分蘖及产草量具明显的促进作用，而红三叶对氮肥的反应则不十分明显。同时施肥后，单播处理牧草的产量增幅比混播处理大。试验结果还表明，鸭茅和红三叶产量与施氮肥量均呈指数关系。通过对单播鸭茅和混播草地总产对氮肥的反应规律进行分析，可以把混播草地对氮肥的利用情况及氮肥对该草地中红三叶固氮作用影响的变化规律分为３类：第１类为混播草地投入最低氮肥量，草地生产力较低，此时红三叶能提供较高氮素价值量；第２类，混播草地投入中等氮肥量，草地生产力中等，但红三叶提供氮素的价值量减小；第３类，投入较高氮肥量，但红三叶失去提供氮素价值。本试验显示，从经济效益角度考虑，对混播草地以少施氮肥为好，特别是在０～０．３ｔ／ｈａ范围内较为适宜。     

干旱胁迫对不同藜麦种子萌发及生理特性的影响

为研究不同干旱程度对不同藜麦种子萌发及幼苗生长期耐旱性的影响,以忻藜1号（黑藜）、忻藜2号（白藜）和忻藜3号（红藜）为材料,采用培养皿萌发、土培育苗的方法,设置6个PEG 6000浓度梯度（0、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%）,对3种藜麦的种子和幼苗进行处理,测定其种子发芽率、发芽势、下胚轴长、根长等指标和幼苗脯氨酸含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和过氧化物酶（POD）活性等生理指标。结果表明：（1）随着PEG 6000浓度的升高,藜麦种子的发芽势、发芽率、下胚轴长和根长都呈现逐渐降低的趋势,用回归分析求得白藜半致死PEG 6000干旱胁迫浓度为20.02%,黑藜为20.25%,红藜为24.70%;（2）随着PEG 6000浓度的升高,3种藜麦幼苗SOD和POD活性都呈先升后降的趋势;MDA和脯氨酸含量与干旱胁迫程度呈显著正相关关系。由此可得,红藜耐旱性最强,黑藜次之,白藜最差。     

葡萄疏果多酚类含量及体外抗氧化活性研究

葡萄含有一系列对人体健康有利的成分,葡葡多酚是其中重要的活性物质。针对疏果天然活性成分的开发利用,可以实现废弃物的再利用,本文以13个葡萄品种疏下来的果实为研究对象,分析了疏果中多酚和黄酮含量。通过测定其DPPH自由基清除能力、羟自由基清除能力、还原力来评价葡萄疏果中多酚类物质的功能活性,分析了功能性组分与活性间的关系。结果显示,摩尔多瓦、A17、金手指的多酚和黄酮含量明显高于其他品种,并且其抗氧化活性也优于其他品种。     

涪陵区无公害杨梅的栽植优势及发展趋势

杨梅不仅是一种经济价值较高的农产品,而且也是退耕还林过程中增收较快的经济树种之一,涪陵区的自然条件适宜杨梅种植,因此,大力发展优质杨梅栽培技术是涪陵区调整农业产业结构的一个突破点。近几年,涪陵区杨梅加工业发展迅速,杨梅栽植优势明显,具有广阔的发展前景。本文结合重庆市涪陵区的实际情况,对无公害杨梅栽植的优势进行了分析,并结合涪陵区的种植现状提出了优化无公害杨梅种植的措施。     

Continuous Monitoring of Visible and Near-Infrared Band Reflectance from a Rice Paddy for Determining Nitrogen Uptake Using Digital Cameras

Abstract

A two-band digital imaging system —one band for the visible red band (RED, 630?670 nm) and the other for the near infrared band (NIR, 820?900 nm)— was devised and positioned at a height of 12 m above a rice field of 300 m² in area during the 2007 growing season. The imaging system automatically logged bird’seye view images at 10-min intervals from 0800?1600 every day. Radiometric corrections for the pairs of two-band images were done using solar irradiance sensors and preceding calibrations to calculate daily band-reflectance and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values for 9 plots of rice plants, with 3 levels of planting density and basal fertilization. The daily- averaged reflectance values in the RED and the NIR bands showed different but smooth seasonal changing patterns according to the growth of plants. At the maximum tiller number and the panicle formation stages, the RED and NIR reflectance values had correlation coefficients (r) of 0.79 and 0.81 with above-ground nitrogen absorption per unit land area (NA, g m-²), respectively, whereas the NDVI using the two band reflectance values showed r-value of -0.13. An empirically derived equation for the NA using two band reflectance values showed r-value of 0.96 and a root mean square of error (RMSE) 0.5 g m^–2 (10% of the mean observed NA) in the estimation for the original (not validated) data set acquired at the maximum tiller number and the panicle formation stages. The results indicated that reflectance observation in the RED and NIR bands using the digital imaging system was potentially effective for assessing rice growth.     

葡萄抗寒性与韧皮部糖分及内源激素积累的相关性

在大田环境下,以5个抗寒性不同的葡萄品种为试材,利用抗寒性评价模型对5个品种进行抗寒性排序,利用高效液相色谱法测定不同时期枝条韧皮部可溶性糖及内源激素的含量.研究抗寒性与不同时期枝条韧皮部可溶性糖及内源激素含量的相关性.结果 表明,5个葡萄品种抗寒性依次为'左山1号'＞'101-14'＞'3309C'＞'SO4'＞'黑...     

葡萄苗铝-旱交叉适应对水杨酸的生理响应

以‘玫瑰蜜’葡萄苗为试材,预先用氯化铝和水杨酸处理5周后,再用200g/L聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱处理10d,探讨铝诱导葡萄苗对干旱胁迫的交叉适应及铝-旱交叉适应对水杨酸的生理响应。结果表明,预先铝处理可使葡萄幼苗在干旱胁迫下叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b、类胡萝卜素的质量分数和相对含水量的降低幅度明显减小,使MDA质量摩尔浓度、相对电导率、氧自由基产生速率和过氧化氢质量摩尔浓度的增加幅度明显减小,使SOD和POD活性、可溶性蛋白质和游离脯氨酸质量分数增加幅度明显增大。添加外源水杨酸后,使这种增减幅度进一步加大。其中,以添加50μmol/L水杨酸后效果最明显,使叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b和类胡萝卜素的质量摩尔浓度及相对含水量的降低幅度进一步变小,使MDA质量摩尔浓度、相对电导率、氧自由基产生速率和过氧化氢质量摩尔浓度的增加幅度进一步变小,使SOD和POD活性、可溶性蛋白质和游离脯氨酸的质量分数增加幅度进一步变大。可见,预先铝处理可诱导葡萄苗对干旱胁迫的交叉适应性,水杨酸对其有明显的促进作用。     

ApoB RNA编辑高效蛋白检测体系的构建

[目的]建立一个载脂蛋白B(apoB)RNA编辑蛋白检测体系。[方法]在慢病毒表达质粒载体pCSII-CMV-IRES-Neor中插入apoB RNA编辑保守序列,并在其2端嵌入红色荧光蛋白(DsRed)、绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)表达序列,以此慢病载体转染大鼠肝癌细胞系CBRH-7919获得稳定表达。采用共聚焦显微镜测序方法检测apoB RNA的编辑。[结果]目的指示基因能够在CBRH-7919细胞中稳定表达,表现出指征RNA编辑的多色特征。[结论]试验成功构建了在细胞水平上以颜色变化指示apoB RNA编辑的检测体系,该体系为快速检测以apoB RNA编辑为靶的降胆固醇药物筛选提供了基础。     

Intensification of redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus culture: II. Growout in a separate cell system

In the process of exploring ways to intensify crayfish culture, a growout system of individual cages (cells) was designed to determine the effects of gender and cell size on the growth of the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. Cells of three different diameters—large (25 cm), medium (20 cm) and small (16 cm)—were used. When crayfish were stocked at a mean weight of approximately 10 g, growth rate of males was significantly higher than that of females. The growth rate of the males in the large cells was 0.31±0.14 g/day, while that of the females was 0.18±0.09 g/day. The size of the cell had significant influence on the weight of males. Male crayfish in the large and medium cells grew better than those in the small cells. When males were stocked at a higher mean weight (about 23 g), their mean weight after 206 days was higher in the large cells (69.28±15.72 g) than in the small cells (58.11±12.66 g), suggesting that the growth of large males was also affected by cell size. Regardless of cell size, male animals of this species grew faster than females under conditions of individual cells. This intensive culture method appears to present a powerful improvement in yields, by as much as two orders of magnitude, in comparison with communal cultures.