黄芪多糖对内毒素诱发大鼠实验性乳腺炎的影响

选取40只SD雌性大鼠使之交配受孕。在确定其怀孕后,30只孕鼠随机分成正常对照组、阳性对照组和试验组,每组10只。试验组大鼠每天按100 mg/kg体重灌喂黄芪多糖(APS),直至试验结束,而对照组大鼠灌喂相应体积的生理盐水(PSS)。孕鼠于产后72 h分别用灭菌PSS和50μg大肠杆菌内毒素经乳头管灌注到大鼠第4对乳腺内。灌注后24 h处死大鼠,取乳腺组织和颈静脉血进行指标测定。结果显示,阳性对照组大鼠乳腺组织中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)浓度、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAGase)活性,与正常对照组相比显著升高(P<0.05);试验组大鼠乳腺组织中TNF-α浓度、NAGase活性与阳性对照组相比,显著降低(P<0.05)。结果表明,灌喂APS可以抑制乳腺组织内炎性细胞因子TNF-α的过度释放,对内毒素诱发的大鼠实验性乳腺炎有一定的保护作用。     

Extrapituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) binding sites in goldfish

In teleosts, as in other vertebrates, the secretion of pituitary gonadotropin (GTH) is mediated by the hypothalamic decapeptide, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Recent findings in teleosts indicate that GnRH receptors are not restricted to the pituitary gonadotropes and are also associated with somatotropes as well as being present in a number of other tissues. In the present study, we provide novel information on GnRH binding in a number of extrapituitary tissues in goldfish. However, we do not intend to provide full characterization of GnRH binding sites in various extrapituitary tissues in goldfish as this would clearly be outside the scope of this paper. In this study we examined GnRH binding in a number of extrapituitary tissues in goldfish and observed specific binding in ovary, testis, brain, liver and kidney. No specific GnRH binding was observed in muscle, skin, gut, gill and heart. In general, the present findings together with the results of other studies carried out in our laboratory demonstrate that mature goldfish ovary and testis contain two classes of GnRH binding sites, high affinity/low capacity and low affinity/high capacity sites with binding characteristics similar to those of the pituitary GnRH receptors. The brain of goldfish was also found to contain two classes of GnRH binding sites, a super-high affinity/low capacity and a low affinity/high capacity sites. Furthermore, study of goldfish liver and kidney demonstrated the presence of a single class of GnRH binding sites with characteristics different from those of pituitary, ovary, testis and brain. Overall, it is evident that goldfish contains a family of GnRH binding sites which can be classified into four groups based on binding affinities: 1) A class of high affinity binding sites present in the pituitary, ovary and testis, 2) a class of super high affinity sites so far only detected in the brain, 3) a class of intermediate-affinity GnRH binding sites in the liver and kidney, and 4) a class of low affinity binding sites present in all the tissues containing specific GnRH binding sites except for liver and kidney.     

COMPARISON OF FLUID-ATTENUATED INVERSION RECOVERY AND T2-WEIGHTED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES IN DOGS AND CATS WITH SUSPECTED BRAIN DISEASE

To compare fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in small animal patients with suspected brain disease, paired sets of FLAIR and T2-weighted MR images of 116 dogs and cats were reviewed separately without any patient information. Images were rated as normal or abnormal using a five-point scale, and the distribution, signal intensity, and anatomic location of abnormalities were recorded. In 60 animals, both FLAIR and T2-weighted images were normal. In 50 animals, the same abnormalities were identified in both FLAIR and T2-weighted images. Overall, very good agreement was found between FLAIR and T2-weighted MR images (kappa = 0.88). FLAIR images had abnormalities that were not recognized in the corresponding T2-weighted images in six of 116 examinations (5%). In four of these, the abnormalities in FLAIR images were thought to represent pathology, including granulomatous meningoencephalitis in one dog, postictal edema in one dog, and undiagnosed lesions in two dogs. In the remaining two examinations, the abnormalities in FLAIR images were probably artifacts. No examples were found of intracranial abnormalities in T2-weighted images that were not visible in FLAIR images. In this study, acquiring FLAIR images in addition to T2-weighted images resulted in detection of otherwise occult abnormalities in relatively few patients.     

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—METASTATIC HEMANGIOSARCOMA CAUSING CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE IN A DOG

A 9-year-old male Appenzeller mountain dog had progressive severe ataxia and central vestibular syndrome that was localized clinically to the brain stem. The cerebrospinal fluid characteristics were suggestive of hemorrhage into the subarachnoid space. On computed tomography (CT), hyperattenuating masses were found in the left lateral ventricle extending into the cerebrum, and another involving the cerebellum and brainstem. The hyperattenuation of the masses in noncontrast images and the absence of contrast enhancement were consistent with hemorrhage. The dog underwent euthanasia. A metastatic hemangiosarcoma in the brain, causing acute bleeding in the left lateral ventricle and the brainstem, was found. A solitary mass in the left myocardium was thought to be the primary site. CT characteristics of intracranial hemorrhage are reviewed.     

May antioxidants status depletion by Tetradifon induce secondary genotoxicity in female Wistar rats via oxidative stress?

Tetradifon is a potent organochlorine acaricide with an estrogen-like structure. The wide spread use of this chemical is likely to pollute the environment. Only few studies have been reported for the evaluation of its short- and long-term toxic effects including genotoxicity and carcinogenicity and there have been conflicting results in in vitro and in vivo test systems. In this work, we have evaluated Tetradifon for its ability to induce genotoxic damages in female Wistar rats. A single cumulative dose of 2430 mg/kg BW was administrated orally for 12 female rats of 190 g BW during 12 weeks. Twelve additional rats, no treated, have served as control. Animals were sacrificed after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment. Genetic toxicity studies were conducted in rats bone marrow, by chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) assays. The oxidative stress status of treated animals has been also evaluated by assessment of lipid peroxidation by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Some serum parameters: vitamins (A and E), triglyceride (TG) and total antioxidants status (TAS) were determined. Our results showed a significant increase in tissue TBARS concentrations in the two treated groups suggesting that Tetradifon induce an oxidative stress. Elsewhere, rats treated with Tetradifon exhibited a statistical decrease in serum level of vitamin E and a significant depletion of serum total antioxidant status. Whereas, in comparison to control rats, treated animal cells did not show a significant increase in either the frequency of SCEs or CAs. These results indicate that Tetradifon did not present direct genotoxic effect in female Wistar rats. But we suggest that its inducting of an oxidative stress may lead to indirect mutagenecity that should be evaluated by other series of in vivo genotoxicity assays as micronucleus test or comet assay.     

蝇蛆肽对大鼠机体抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

本研究旨在探讨蝇蛆酶解肽的生物活性.选取SD大鼠96只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复6只大鼠.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.2%、0.5%和1.0%蝇蛆肽的试验日粮.饲养试验预试期7 d,正式试验期为21 d.结果表明:试验前各组间各种抗氧化和免疫指标没有显著差异(P>0.05),试验期间对照组各种指标始终没有较大变化,而各试验组从第7天开始血清丙二醛(MDA)含量较对照组有显著降低(P<0.05),血清过氧化氰酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和脾脏系数、胸腺系数、IgA及IgG含量、血清溶菌酶含量等免疫指标明显提高,其中试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组均达到显著水平(P<0.05).结果表明,蝇蛆肽具有较强的生物活性,蝇蛆肽的添加量以0.5%较为适宜.     

家蚕丝素蛋白对大鼠胆固醇代射的影响

研究了经酸解后制得的家蚕丝素蛋白氨基酸组成以及对高血脂实验鼠血清和肝脏内胆固醇及转氨酶的活性变化的影响。结果表明：所得的家蚕丝素蛋白粉氨基酸组成丰富，其中甘氨酸、丙氨酸、丝氨酸和酪氨酸含量占全部氨基酸总量的95%；家蚕丝素蛋白能显著地降低血清胆固醇含量和谷草转氨酶及谷丙转氨酶活性，提高动物肝组织中的胆固醇浓度和谷丙转氨酶的活性。     

毕节地区新造林地鼠兔危害状况调查及防控对策

对啮齿类动物鼠兔害的防治.危害调查、标本制作、种类鉴定、生活习性观察,探索有效控制措施.本文着重从森林环境资源的核算评估鼠兔害对新造林地经济损失.