宝天曼自然保护区珍稀濒危植物研究

依据《国家重点保护野生植物目录（第1批）》、《中国红皮书》（第1册）和《河南省珍稀濒危植物保护名录》,结合前人研究成果,系统研究宝天曼自然保护区珍稀濒危植物种类、科属分布、区系特征、生活型及其与相邻自然保护区的相似度,并提出切实可行的保育恢复措施。结果表明,宝天曼自然保护区国家级和省级珍稀濒危植物达105种,隶属46科74属;区系特征呈现出明显的温带性质;生活型以落叶乔木和多年生草本为主;与相邻保护区的相似度较低,有其独特的地理优势和保护价值。     

深圳大鹏半岛珍稀濒危植物调查与分析

[目的]充分了解深圳大鹏半岛珍稀濒危植物资源的现状。[方法]在前人研究资料的基础上,进行野外本底调查,分析了大鹏半岛珍稀濒危植物种类组成,分布现状以及受威胁的原因。[结果]大鹏半岛野生珍稀濒危维管植物共66种,隶属23科50属。根据IUCN相关评估标准,属于极危状况（CR）的植物有2种、濒危（EN）的有11种、易危（VU）的有23种、近危（NT）的有28种;国家二级保护植物有8种。[结论]提出了建议保护的13种野生植物名单,并给出了合理保护和利用大鹏半岛珍稀濒危植物资源的建议。     

稀有鮈鲫芳香化酶基因的表达及内分泌干扰物（EDCs）暴露对其表达的影响

克隆稀有鮈鲫芳香化酶基因(cyp19a和cyp19b)片段,半定量方法检测其组织表达特异性,实时定量PCR检测2基因在孵化后18~50 d幼鱼的发育阶段表达情况,对成鱼进行3 d的乙炔基雌二醇(EE2,1 nmol/L)和壬基酚(NP,1μmol/L)药物暴露试验,实时定量PCR检测它们对2个基因表达的影响。结果显示,克隆获得759 bp的cyp19a和407 bp的cyp19b片段,cyp19a主要在卵巢中表达,cyp19b主要在脑中表达。在幼鱼发育阶段,cyp19a的表达没有显著差异,cyp19b在38 d后出现明显的下降;成体稀有鮈鲫cyp19a受到EE2极显著抑制(0.23倍,P<0.01),但NP抑制效果不显著(0.59倍),cyp19b在EE2和NP暴露后都有上调的趋势(1.83、1.02倍)。说明cyp19基因可以作为EDCs的作用靶分子,有助于对高等脊椎动物包括人类进行预测和风险评估。     

海南岛花岗岩类砖红壤中稀土元素地球化学特征

对海南岛内不同地貌单元、不同土壤剖面花岗岩类砖红壤中稀土元素的组成特征及其分异规律进行了研究。结果表明,海南岛花岗岩类砖红壤中稀土元素的总量平均值∑REE偏高,达426.96μg/g,轻、重稀土元素分异明显。不同地貌单元间稀土元素总量平均值均分异明显,表现为中部山地〉低山丘陵〉台地平原;各土壤发生层中稀土元素含量从母质层→淀积层→淋溶层逐渐降低;海南岛花岗岩类砖红壤属弱-中等Eu亏损,δCe变异程度较大,平均值近于无异常。     

微波消解ICP-MS法测定植物性食品中15种稀土元素

植物性食品样品经微波消解法处理,采用等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定其15种稀土元素含量。每个稀土元素选择一个不受同量异位素干扰的同位素89Y、139La、140Ce、141Pr、146Nd、147Sm、151Eu、157Gd、159Tb、163Dy、165Ho、166Er、169Tm、172Yb、175Lu,对于所测元素,校准曲线相关系数r0.999 9回收率均在95.0%～105.0%,相对误差5.0%。该方法准确、简便、快速、灵敏,适用于植物性食品中15种稀土元素的含量测定。     

Determination of the Number of SSR Alleles Necessary for the Analysis of Genetic Relationships Between Maize Inbred Lines

The amount of molecular marker information has considerable impact on the results of studies of crop germplasm genetic relationships in crop. The number of alleles required to reveal genetic relationship in maize inbred lines is a theoretical issue that needs to be addressed. In this study, 112 pairs of SSR （simple sequence repeat） primers and 97 maize inbred lines were selected to study the relationship between the number of inbred lines and the number of SSR primers and alleles required for a stable cluster. The results showed that the number of SSR primers is not tightly associated with the stability of the cluster analysis results, while an increase in the number of alleles can significantly improve the stability of cluster analysis results. The number of inbred lines （X） is significantly associated with the number of alleles required for stable cluster analysis （Y）, and the regression equation is Y- 600.8xe（-15.9/x）. This equation can be used to calculate the number of SSR alleles required for a genetic relationship study of maize inbred lines. These results provide a reference for determining of SSR alleles number in genetic relationship analysis of maize inbred line and other crop germplasm.     

Functionality of native tetraploid wheat starches: Effects of waxy loci alleles and amylose concentration in blends

Partial waxy (reduced amylose) and fully waxy (amylose-free) tetraploid durum wheats (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) were used to investigate the relationships between both intra- and inter-granular variation in amylose concentration and starch functionality. Starches isolated from each genotype (intra-granular amylose variants) were compared to those of commercially available hexaploid wild-type and waxy starches, and functionalities compared to blends (inter-granular variants) of durum waxy and wild-type starches of 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, & 30% amylose content. Starch particle size distributions were not significantly different amongst partial waxy and wild-type genotypes; waxy samples had significantly smaller mean starch granule size. Few significant differences for crystallite melting and related intrinsic heat as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were observed. The detected differences in starch gel color or gel strength generally were observed for the waxy samples relative to wild-type. Numerous significant differences were observed via Rapid-Visco Analysis (RVA). Pasting peak viscosity and breakdown were inversely proportional to % amylose. Wx-B1 null final viscosity differed significantly from that of all other blends and genotypes, demonstrating that genotypic differences exist amongst the partial waxy types, independent of amylose concentration per se.     

太湖流域粳稻两类群体种子活力性状有利等位变异的发掘

发掘粳稻种子活力性状的优异等位变异和携带优异等位变异的载体材料可为培育适于直播的高活力粳稻品种提供遗传信息和育种材料。以太湖流域粳稻94个品种构成的自然群体和粳稻品种秀水79与粳稻恢复系C堡衍生的247个重组自交家系(RIL)群体为试验材料,利用斜板发芽法发芽,调查生长7d的幼苗根长、苗高和干重3个种子活力性状,采用Tassel软件中的GLM方法和Win QTL Cartographer2.5软件中的CIM方法进行种子活力性状的QTL分析,发掘有利等位变异和相应载体品种。结果表明:(1)在太湖流域粳稻自然群体中共检测到11个与种子活力性状相关联的SSR标记位点,共发掘出42个控制种子活力性状的优异等位变异,其中控制根长的17个,控制苗高的13个,控制幼苗干重的12个。携带种子活力性状优异等位变异且效应值较大的载体材料有滇屯502选早、扬稻6号、开青、籼恢429和C堡等。(2)在RIL群体中共检测到9个与种子活力性状相关的QTL,其中2个控制根长,4个控制苗高,3个控制幼苗干重。除控制幼苗干重的qDW-2a的有利等位变异RM525-143bp来自秀水79以外,其余8个位点的有利等位变异均来自C堡。(3)两类群体均在第1染色体上检测到与根长关联的SSR标记位点,均在第2、第8和第11染色体上检测到与苗高关联的位点,均在第2染色体上检测到与幼苗干重关联的位点,且在自然群体中检测到优于和多于家系群体的等位变异。     

热处理对稀有放线菌分离效果的影响

采用稀释涂布分离法研究了土样热预处理对稀有放线菌分离效果的影响。结果表明：在一定的处理时间下,预处理温度升高,稀有放线菌的数量相对增加,而细菌数量相对减少。热预处理有利于稀有放线菌孢子萌发,相对提高稀有放线菌的出菌率,同时对细菌生长有一定抑制作用。120℃加热预处理1h和1.5h,稀有放线菌分离效果最好。