长白山白鸡腰子国家级动植物科技示范园区野生珍稀濒危药用植物现状及保护

经过3a的调查研究,首次报导了长白山白鸡腰子国家级动植物科技示范园区共有野生珍稀濒危药用植物48种,隶属30科、38属,其中国家级保护的有9科、11属、11种,省级保护的有24科、29属、37种。在掌握了现有材料的基础上,提出了具体的保护措施和建议。     

珍稀濒危植物裸果木群落物种多样性研究

[目的]研究甘肃金塔县裸果木群落物种多样性,为就地保护这一珍稀濒危野生植物和保护金塔县生物多样性提供科学依据。[方法]应用样方调查法对金塔县境内的裸果木群落进行调查,采用各群落植物的物种丰富度指数(R0、R1)、Simpson物种多样性指数(D)、Shannon-Weiner物种多样性指数(H’)和Pielou均匀度指数(E)分析了6个样地的群落结构和物种组成,并对致危因子和保护对策进行了探讨。[结果]裸果木群落结构较为简单,仅分布种子植物15种,隶属11科15属;区系成分简单,温带性质的属占总属数的91.67%;生活型以地上芽和地面芽植物为主(93.33%),一年生植物(6.67%)很少;裸果木群落垂直结构不明显;裸果木群落的丰富度指数(R1)、Shannon-Weiner物种多样性指数(H’)和Pielou均匀度指数(E)表现出基本一致的变化趋势;6个样地中,样地5的物种多样性程度最高,样地1次之,样地2最小,多样性程度最低。[结论]6个样地的物种多样性排序为样地5>样地1>样地3>样地4>样地6>样地2;回归分析表明多样性指数与海拔、经度和纬度之间不具有显著的相关性;裸果木群落植物多样性指数的大小受立地生境和人为活动的综合影响。     

湖北黄袍林场喜树木本资源及应用

喜树是我国特有的珍贵树种,其次生代谢物因含有一种重要生物碱而闻名。为了宣传这种珍贵喜树资源及推广应用,以湖北国营通城县黄袍林场为对象,简要介绍了黄袍林场喜树的木本资源生长特征、种子园、育苗及推广应用情况。希望引起政府部门和科研人员的重视和研究,提高对这种国家Ⅱ级保护植物的保护及推广应用。     

From multi-criteria approach to simple protocol: Assessing habitat patches for conservation value using species rarity

We investigated conservation value (CV) related to the quality of spider communities in different non-wooded habitat patches - ranging from arable land to natural grasslands. The study was conducted in two ecologically distinct regions of Hungary: the Hungarian Great Plain and the Buda Hills. We used seven variables to indicate CV which together formed a multi-criteria space of spider community characteristics. These variables were either related to species characters obtained from an extensive background database: abundance and frequency based rarity, specialist status, association to natural habitats; or were calculated for the community at the given patch: species richness, functional diversity and species evenness. Using the variables in an ordination analysis we could establish a gradient of the patches in the multi-criteria space of the spider community characteristics. Position of patches along the first axis of the ordination was taken as the multi-criteria measure of CV. CVs established this way were strongly and positively correlated with an independent botanical CV assessment. We also sought a simpler measure of spider CV by: (a) calculating only one variable out of the seven and using it as a surrogate for the multi-criteria CV measurement; by (b) calculating this variable only for a short time period or (c) for only one spider family. Average abundance based rarity value of the species proved to be the best surrogate of the multi-criteria CV measure for both regions, and it also performed very well when sample size was restricted to two sampling occasions per patch or to a single family. This adds further evidence to, what has been found in other studies, that species rarity is a sensitive and reliable measure of the ecological and conservational status of communities.     

稀土肥不同施用方式对烟草品质的影响

采用大田试验,设置了CK(常规施肥)、T1(常规施肥+稀土肥基施)、T2(常规施肥+稀土肥灌根)和T3(常规施肥+稀土肥叶面喷施)四个处理,研究了稀土肥不同施用方式对烤后烟叶化学成分的协调性、提高光合色素和香味物质的含量的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施稀土肥明显提高了烤后烟叶中蛋白质等含氮化合物和钾的含量,调节了糖碱比和钾氯比,协调化学成分;明显增加了烟叶中叶绿素和各类中性致香物质的含量。表明在常规施肥基础上,叶面喷施稀土肥能明显提高烟叶品质。     

Fruit set evaluation for self-compatibility selection in almond

Self-compatibility was assessed in 19 almond selections by genetic and physiological means, such as PCR with specific primers for the S_f allele, pollen tube growth, and fruit set after self-pollination and in bagged branches. Although all genotypes possessed the S_f allele and showed a similar pollen tube growth after self-pollination than after cross-pollination with cross-compatible pollen, fruit sets showed a different behaviour between years, ranging from 16.2 to 24.7%, as well as between treatments, with the highest after self-pollination. The differences between genotypes could be due to the genetic constitution of each genotype, where inbreeding may reduce set by the accumulation of deleterious genes in different members of a progeny. Flower morphology may also affect sets in bagged branches. Thus, in addition to bud density, flower sterility, pollination success and environmental conditions, other traits must be taken into account when evaluating yield in self-compatible almond cultivars, such as the inbreeding effect and the effective autonomous self-pollination.     

高山反季节栽培珍稀菇试验

杏鲍菇、真姬菇、鸡腿菇3个珍稀菇均属中低温型菌类,市场前景看好。通过高山反季节栽培珍稀菇试验得出,利用高海拔地区的自然条件,可选择3种菇的最佳栽培时间及烂菇、病虫害发生等的气象调控管理办法,为山区建立珍稀菇无公害生产基地,提供了科学的气象依据和技术借鉴。     

茶叶中稀土总量的快速测定法

根据ＩＣＰ—ＭＳ法分析的茶叶中稀土组成,以Ｌａ∶Ｃｅ∶Ｎｄ∶Ｙ∶Ｐｒ＝４０∶２５∶２０∶８∶７混合的稀土为标样,采用湿法灰化和偶氮胂Ⅲ为显色剂,在紫外—可见分光光度计６５６ｎｍ处测定茶叶中的稀土总量。该方法快速简便,适于基层卫生防疫部门大批量快速检测茶叶中稀土总量时应用。文中还对该方法与国标法、萃取分光光度法及ＩＣＰ—ＭＳ法进行了比较,并对该方法的注意事项进行了讨论。     

小麦抗重金属污染栽培研究

１９９６～１９９８年,在太原市南郊区严重重金属污染的农田上进行了小麦抗重金属污染栽培试验。种子经过稀土处理,各处理产量比对照平均提高１４０％;蛋白质含量比对照提高８１％～１７４％;子粒中Ｈｇ,Ｃｄ与Ａｓ含量分别下降６３３％～９８０％,３８５％～１００％,２２８％～７９２％。用等级聚合方法将１２个处理分为两组,１１个处理均明显优于对照,可直接用于生产。     

Molecular detection of insecticide resistant alleles

The summary discusses techniques used to investigate mechanisms of resistance in the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) to several classes of pesticides.