稀土对茶园增产及品质影响的分析

本文通过常规分析方法、 生物痕量分析技术及酶活性检测等手段对茶园喷施稀土后的一些 生理生化指标进行了分析。 结果表明， 喷施稀土可明显提高叶绿素的含量， 有利于光合 作用； 增强了谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、 过氧化氢酶(CAT)、 过氧化物酶(POD)及肽酶(PTD)等 酶活性； 提高了茶叶水浸出物含量， 品质得分高于对照； 有利于     

文山县泰昌珍稀濒危植物园建设的意义及其可行性

位于文山县西北部，拟由私营企业文山泰昌花木场承建的文山泰昌珍稀植物固总规模63hm^2。文章论述了植物固建设对开展古老、珍稀、濒危物种种质资源的收集、迁地保存、驯化、繁育栽培以及发展经济等方面的重要意义。谊植物固划分为珍稀濒危植物展示区、繁育试验示范区、森林生态防护区、生活服务区。分析了建因的基本条件及其可行性。     

Studies of Multi-Allelic Polymorphism of Dominant Dwarfing Genes in Wheat

Dwarfing breeding of wheat in the world is confined to the exploitation of recessive dwarfing sources. None of the dominant dwarfing sources discovered in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ) has found wide exploitation in wheat breeding due to the extreme dwarfness of their plants (20 -55 cm). We found in our work that some stable mutant lines with their plant height enhanced to different extents could be obtained in large populations derived from the stock seeds of the dominant dwarfing sources Aibian1 carrying Rht10 on 4DS and being 20 - 55 cm tall and Aisu2 carrying Rht3 on 4BS and being 55 cm tall, or from their descendants of induced mutation treatments, or from the segregating descendants of their crosses with mid- or tall-statured genotypes. Subsequently, we studied these mutation-derived lines differing in plant height with near isogenic lines and observed that the character of their enhanced plant height bred true, each carrying a semidominant dwarfing gene for a definite height and that as the plant height of the mutation-derived lines increased, the yield-contributing characters of their near isogenic lines were significantly improved. When test crosses with marker genes and physiological and biochemical genetic marker tests were performed to re-localize the semi-dominant dwarfing genes carried by the mutation-derived lines, it was confirmed that they shared common loci with Rht10 and Rht3 and that they were all mutation-derived multiple alleles. It is thus speculated that dominant dwarfing genes are of "multi-allelic polymorphism". In other words, dominant dwarfing genes, which are ultra-dwarfing, are liable to develop by mutation into a group of multiple alleles with plant height enhanced to different extents and some may have a height close to the ideal plant height for wheat breeding. Therefore, these results offer a fundamentally new approach for the exploitation of dominant dwarfing sources in wheat breeding.     

不同贮藏方法及激素、稀土等对牡丹种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

用不同贮藏方法及激素、稀土处理牡丹种子和幼苗,结果显示:冰箱内湿藏、干藏和自然湿藏能有效地提高陈种子的发芽率,用GA3、6-BA、α-NAA、稀土处理不同贮藏方法的陈种子后,GA3、6-BA发芽率表现最佳;新种子幼苗适应性高于陈种子;药用牡丹幼苗优于观赏牡丹;用激素和稀土处理种子及幼苗后,牡丹幼苗生长势表现为用稀土和GA3最好,6-BA和α-NAA稍次.     

self-(in)compatibility almond genotypes: A review

To compile self-(in)compatibility almond genotypes, a review of 133 commercial cultivars of wide geographical origin was made. The information gathered from own and mainly published work will be useful for both grower's cultivar choice when planting and for breeder's cross design when planning. The almond S genotypes compiled were identified using five different methods: biological (pollination tests in the field and in the laboratory) and molecular (RNases, PCR and sequencing). In most cases, genotypes were assigned after combining more than one technique. Cultivars were classified into three categories: self-incompatible (99), self-compatible (16) and doubtful self-incompatible (18). The database is divided in 9 fields (name, origin, parentage, obtention year (crossing, selection or release), S genotype, technique used, reference, consensus genotype, and cross incompatibility group). A study of the 27 S alleles already identified and their geographical distribution within the cultivated almond is also presented. The study was divided into cultivars of known and unknown parentage and the distribution of S alleles frequencies was uneven among the 133 cultivars. S allele frequencies are related to geographical origin. Some alleles (S ₁, S ₅, S ₇ and S ₈) are more frequently observed than the others among cultivars of both known and unknown parentage. In the cultivated almond, the S f allele is only found in the Puglia region, Italy. The S _f frequency is three times higher in cultivars released from breeding programmes than in cultivars selected by growers. From the 351 resulting possible genotypes by combination of the 27 S alleles identified only 20 CIG (0-XIX) have been established, which represents a small fraction of the whole genetic diversity of this polymorphic gene in almond.     

Determination of self-incompatible genotypes in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) accessions and cultivars of the German Fruit Gene Bank and from private collections

Sweet cherries are self-incompatible because of a gametophytic self-incompatibility system. S alleles in the style and pollen determine the crossing relationships. Knowledge of the S allele constitution of cultivars is very important for cherry growers and breeders, and recently, molecular methods have been developed to distinguish the S alleles in sweet cherries. The S allele genotypes of 149 sweet cherry cultivars and clones, including 126 not previously genotyped, were determined by using PCR analysis. Thirteen different S alleles in 40 combinations were distinguished and nine new incompatibility groups were documented. Two new S alleles were identified in five local sweet cherry processing cultivars from southwestern Germany using the second intron primers. The sequence of these alleles was determined and compared to all known sequences available in the NCBI database. The sequences obtained showed high similarities to the alleles S ₁₉ and S ₂₂, previously described only in wild cherries, Prunus avium L.     

稀土元素对苹果园艺性状及产量的影响

通过试验表明，对苹果树喷施不同量的农用稀土都有增产效果，以９００ｍｇ稀土／ｋｇ水喷施增产率最高１１．２％，并求出回归方程．苹果喷施稀土百果重，含糖量，花序坐果率与产量的直接通径作用大，百果重的单效应以及百果重和含糖量，新梢生长和百果重的互作效应成为影响产量的主要因素．     

稀土对紫云英效应的初步研究

本文通过田间小区试验,初步研究了稀土“农乐”和寻邬稀土微肥(均为混合轻稀土硝酸盐)对豆科绿肥紫云英的效应.试验结果表明:用0.03%的稀土“农乐”溶液和寻邬稀土微肥溶液浸种或苗期喷施,对紫云英鲜草均有显著增产效果:增产幅度14.34%～23.18%;对籽粒产量效应因处理不同而异.稀土“农乐”溶液浸种和寻邬稀土微肥苗期喷施,其籽粒产量极显著高于对照,增产率分别为66.14%和75.74%,其余施用稀土的处理与对照无显著差异.在供试浓度下,稀土对刺激紫云英种子萌发,增加成苗数,促进植株生长和干物质累积,增加千粒重有明显的效果,并能促进植株对氮、磷的吸收.     

3个小麦品种抗白粉病基因的等位性分析

研究了小麦品种黔丰3号、肯贵阿和81-7241对白粉菌411菌株的抗性遗传和基因的等位关系。结果表明,3个抗源品种与感病品种绵阳15号杂交后,其F_1、F_2及B_1F_1的抗性反应表明,它们各具有一对显性抗性基因。抗亲杂交等位性测定表明,各组合的F_2群体均有少数感病植株出现,其抗、感比为15:1,说明各抗性基因是非等位的。根据不同毒性的白粉菌株接种各品种的反应型差异,也间接证明了各抗性基因不相同。     

辽宁水稻直立穗型基因位点SSR标记变异分析

利用与辽粳5号直立穗型基因(EP)紧密连锁的SSR标记RM5833-11、RM5686-23及RM1189分析了64份辽宁省水稻种质,分别检测到93.48%、95.65%和100%直立、半直立穗型种质,其中55.56%,66.67%和83.33%的弯曲穗型种质与辽粳5号具有相同的等位变异。这些品种(系)经系谱分析表明,有43份直立、半直立穗型和10份弯曲穗型种质与辽粳5号亲缘关系密切。因此推测辽宁地区可能是辽粳5号直立穗型基因的主要来源地。