Trace element release from forest floor can be monitored by ion exchange resin tubes

Risk assessment of heavy metal input into forest ecosystems requires information about metal fluxes from the forest floor (organic layer) into the mineral soil. Common methods for the monitoring of element fluxes are generally time‐consuming and expensive. Additionally, the reliability of the results is in part contested especially for trace elements, showing very low concentrations which are sometimes even below analytical detection limit. We used ion exchange resin tubes installed below the forest floor to determine heavy metal and As fluxes at 25 forest monitoring sites in Germany. Chloride tracer experiments and the comparison of our data with throughfall and lysimeter data, determined within the Level II monitoring network, proved the accuracy of our method. Mean trace element fluxes based on the resin method were 50 g As ha^–1 yr^–1, 2 g Cd ha^–1 yr^–1, 168 g Cu ha^–1 yr^–1, 176 g Ni ha^–1 yr^–1, and 186 g Pb ha^–1 yr^–1.The results show that the organic layer may change into a source of heavy metals after emission has decreased.     

Nitrogen availability in some Wisconsin forests: comparisons of resin bags and on-site incubations

Summary Estimates of ammonium and nitrate availability in conifer and hardwood forests using an ion exchange resin (IER) bag method and with on-site incubations of soil cores in buried bags were compared. Correlations between the two methods were generally high. Correlation coefficients (r) between IER nitrate and buried-bag mineralized nitrate ranged from 0.87 to 0.92. Both methods also correlated well with aboveground net primary production, litter fall N content, and fine root biomass. The major differences between the methods related to the relative importances of ammonium and nitrate forms of available N. The IER method indicated that both ammonium and nitrate were important on all sites, with nitrate predominating in most soils. The buried-bag results indicated that available N was primarily in the form of nitrate (all ammonium was oxidized), but that nitrate was insignificant on infertile sites.     

高吸水性树脂在赤红壤及砖红壤上的保水保肥效果研究

在旱地赤红壤和砖红壤上分别以小白菜和辣椒为供试作物,进行盆栽试验和大田试验,以研究高吸水性树脂及其肥料制品对土壤水肥的保持作用。结果表明：PAA能显著降低氮素淋失量,将更多的肥料养分保留在土壤中,同时又能减少土壤水分的无效消耗,从而提高水肥的利用率,最终提高作物产量。在PAA各种处理中,以0．02％、pH6．5的PAA稀凝胶与自来水交替灌溉对水肥保持效果最好,试验条件下,可使N素淋失量减少72．0％,水分利用率提高14．65％,作物产量增加33．20％。以高吸水性树脂和单质肥料为原料的掺混型节水专用肥与等养分的复合肥比较,辣椒果长、肩径宽、果肉厚、单果重明显增加,产量增加5．16％;节水449m^3/hm^2,相当于45mm降水,节水率27．7％。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化辣木叶总皂苷工艺研究

研究大孔吸附树脂纯化辣木叶总皂苷的工艺条件和参数.以洗脱率、精制度等为指标,考察大孔吸附树脂对辣木叶总皂苷的吸附性能和洗脱参数.25mL辣木叶总皂苷样品液上大孔吸附树脂,用蒸馏水,30%、50%乙醇各200mL依次洗脱,辣木叶总皂苷富集于50%乙醇洗脱部位.采用大孔吸附树脂技术富集、纯化辣木叶总皂苷,其洗脱率为(76.3±0.3)%,精制度为124.9%,该法可较好地纯化辣木叶总皂苷.     

低毒脲醛树脂胶粘剂的合成

在强酸和弱酸性条件下，就甲醛与尿素的量比对游离甲醛含量的影响进行了试验，得到了强酸下低游离甲醛含量脲醛树脂胶粘剂（UFRA）合成的最佳甲醛与尿素的量比；合成出了具有3，5二氮杂-二氢-1，4砒喃酮（URON）结构，低毒的UFRA，用于胶合板生产，产品甲醛释放量低于E1级标准要求。     

纳米二氧化硅对脲醛树脂胶性能的影响

研究了纳米SiO2对低摩尔比脲醛树脂游离甲醛含量、粘度、固化时间、羟甲基含量及胶合强度的影响,结果表明:纳米SiO2的加入可降低脲醛树脂胶的游离醛含量,增大粘度,提高胶合板的胶合强度,使羟甲基含量略有降低,但对固化速度影响不大     

三聚氰胺甲醛树脂-钯络合物催化剂的表征及催化活性

报道了三聚氰胺甲醛树脂-Pd催化剂的表征。通过光电子能谱、电子探针、顺磁共振谱、X-射线衍射等测试结果证明新催化剂是载体与Pd(Ⅰ)络合,起催化作用的是零价钯。三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的聚和度不同其对硝基化合物的活性、选择性不同。该催化剂对蓖麻油有较强的催化氢化能力,其氢化蓖麻油的碘值可以达到3,对其他油也有较好的活性。     

树脂法提取冠毒素的研究

通过分析比较几种大孔吸附树脂和离子交换树脂对发酵液中冠毒素的分离纯化效果,结果显示:1400大孔吸附树脂对发酵液冠毒素的吸附量最大,用700 g/L乙醇洗脱,洗脱率为79%,回收率为48%。该类大孔吸附树脂操作简便、快速,比较适用于工业上的提取工艺。     

多元醇对聚酯改性有机硅树脂性能的影响

通过对包括三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇及乙二醇这几种不同的多元醇合成的聚酯,利用有机硅中间体改性成膜后,对基材的附着力、硬度、柔韧性所做的探讨,可知在硅含量相同时,乙二醇的附着力最好,且柔韧性也最好,但耐热性能最差,在综合考虑的基础上,三羟甲基丙烷的性能最好。     

红松木材透明涂饰涂膜耐光性的研究

采用监测表面颜色和光泽度变化的方法，对红松木醇酸树脂清漆，硝基清漆和聚氨脂清漆涂膜的耐光性进行了研究，结果发现，三种涂料受光后的易发生变色，但三种涂料的耐光性硝基漆最差，聚所酯漆居中，醇酸制酯漆最好，建议在使用时添加紫外线吸收剂，提高漆膜的耐光性。