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41.
从柳叶栎原产地美国宾夕法尼亚、田纳西、阿肯色和路易斯安娜等4个州引进9个柳叶栎种源,于1999年分别在江苏东海县、宜兴市等地进行造林试验,对试验林进行了8 a观测,调查了造林当年成活率和3 a时保存率,测定了树高、地径、幅冠等生长指标。结果表明,9个不同种源间生长有显著差异,其树高、地径和冠幅的遗传变异系数分别为8.26%~11.42%,14.14%~18.9%和5.9%~13.6%。1~8 a时,柳叶栎种源的树高和地径年际间相关显著,具有早期选择潜力。按综合指数评定法,初选出9818号和9817号2个综合性状表现好的优良种源,其树高和地径比参试种源平均值增加10.6%和13.9%。 相似文献
42.
This paper discusses determinants of the historical and current spatial extent of the floodplain forest in Leipzig as well as its tree species composition using a GIS-data based delineation model and historical forest inventories for the floodplain forest in the district of Leipzig in Germany from the 19th to the 20th century. We found that the spatial extent of the floodplain forest remained considerably stable in spite of an overall decline in the entire floodplain area from the period where the city first experienced industrialisation in the 19th century to now. However, with river regulations and the alteration of forest management from coppice-with-standards forest to high forest in the 19th century, major changes can be found in the tree species composition of the floodplain forest. Comparing these findings with references from other European floodplain forests we discuss the impact of historical and current forest management as well as the city location's influence on the extent and tree species composition of urban floodplain forests. For urban forest management in particular there is a great need to integrate biophysical, historical and forestry knowledge when predicting future developmental trends. 相似文献
43.
Dylan N. Dillaway Jeffrey W. Stringer Lynne K. Rieske 《Forest Ecology and Management》2007,250(3):227-233
Oaks (Quercus spp.) are experiencing recurring regeneration failures associated with pervasive mid- and under-story strata of shade tolerant species in intact, undisturbed forests. Where oak regeneration occurs, inadequate vertical height and depleted root carbohydrate stores impede the ability of regenerating oaks to respond when light does become available. A variety of silvicultural techniques have been developed to increase the penetration of diffuse light, enhancing the light environment on the forest floor, and thereby increasing the likelihood of regenerating oaks to successfully respond to increased light transmittance. We measured shoot and root characteristics, and root soluble non-structural carbohydrate concentrations of white oak (Q. alba L.) advance regeneration exposed to enhanced light intensities associated with a mid-story removal and a clearcut, and compared white oak regeneration vigor to untreated controls.
Root diameter and soluble non-structural carbohydrates increased with increasing light availability. Our data suggest that white oak responds to increases in light transmittance by building below-ground biomass and carbohydrates in the root system prior to an above-ground response. Our study shows that white oak regeneration vigor increases with only modest increases in light. In the absence of other pressures, enhancing the light environment to the forest floor should contribute to successful regeneration of this species. 相似文献
44.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):390-399
Twelve north European oak provenances [11 Quercus robur L. and one Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl] were tested for late autumn frost hardiness using visual methods and measurements of relative conductivity. Tissue from buds and twigs from 2-yr-old seedlings was used. The test was carried out in November and December. Temperatures between ?20 and ?32°C were necessary to cause serious damage to tissue, even when tissues were tested only a few weeks after leaf fall. Visual methods proved to be fast and could be applied in practical test applications. Estimation of twig viability was found to be a more reliable variable than bud assessment, which appears to be sensitive and not necessarily related to plant mortality. Relative conductivity is a more labour-intensive method and requires some technical equipment, but it provided the most consistent statistical results. Strong correlation between the visual methods and relative conductivity was demonstrated. Provenances originating from locations close to the Atlantic ocean (The Netherlands, the UK, Denmark and Norway) tended to be less frost resistant than more continental provenances (from Norway, Sweden, Finland and Poland). Frost tolerance was correlated with budset, but not with growth of the provenances. The results confirm the existence of specific ecotypes and suggest a high potential for adaptation in Q. robur. 相似文献
45.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(4):369-376
Remote sensing techniques have proven successful for producing stem maps of forests in leaf-on condition from high-resolution imagery. This paper demonstrates how a mathematical model for the surface of a stem can be used to estimate the breast-height diameter of individual trees from aerial photographs to give information on basal area. The diameters are estimated by likelihood estimation from images of a forest in leaf-off condition where the stems and their shadows are visible. Applied to a homogeneous and monospecific oak ( Quercus robur L.) stand under standard silvicultural treatment in Denmark, the estimation was successful for 56 out of 60 trees. The root mean squared error on the diameter was 4.2 and 3.2 cm using three and five images, respectively. The key conclusion is that it is feasible to infer fairly accurate information about the diameters and three-dimensional positions of stems from aerial photographs. 相似文献
46.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(7):609-618
Abstract Quercus semecarpifolia, Smith. (brown oak) forests dominate the high altitudes of central Himalaya between 2400 and 2750 m and the timber line areas. The species is viviparous with short seed viability and coincides its germination with monsoon rains in July–August. These forests have large reserves of carbon in their biomass (above and below ground parts) and soil. We monitored the carbon stock and carbon sequestration rates of this oak on two sites subjected to varying level of disturbance between 2004 and 2009. These forests had carbon ranging between 210.26 and 258.02 t ha?1 in their biomass in 2009 and mean carbon sequestration rates between 3.7 and 4.8 t ha?1 yr?1. The litter production in both the sites ranged from 5.63 to 7.25 t ha?1 yr?1. The leaf litter decomposition of species took more than 720 days for approximately 90% decomposition. Even at 1 m soil depth soil organic carbon was close to 1.0%. 相似文献
47.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(7):668-676
The aim of this study was to investigate to which extent forestry professionals, other “green” professionals (mainly landscape architects) and natural resource students in Denmark agree with the general population regarding their recreational preferences for contrasting stem densities in young, even-aged stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). The study was based on five pairs of colour photographs from each of the five recently thinned experimental plots in a 13-year-old stand. The plots represented five different residual stem densities: 7000 (unthinned), 5300 (traditional thinning), 1000, 300 and 100 stems ha?1. All cut trees were left on the ground. The analysis was carried out as a survey of forest and landscape experts (n=158) and the general public (n=243) based on questionnaires. Interviewees ranked the photographs according to the criterion: “Which forest environment do you prefer as a visitor?” Principal component factor analysis showed that the general public tended to perceptually group photos according to similar overall pattern of openness, presence of row structure and stand accessibility (including presence/absence of slash). As long as a stand appeared accessible, stand density had little influence on their preferences for a wide range of stand densities (5300?300 stems ha?1). In contrast, foresters, other “green” professionals and students seemed to perceptually group photos according to treatment type, and the presence of slash had little influence on their preferences. This suggests an influence of professional background, making experts visually analyse and evaluate stands according to contemporary management standards and paradigms within their own profession. 相似文献
48.
This paper established an integrated stand growth model of Mongolian oak(ISGM_oak) using the data from 61 permanent sample plots measured in 1997 and 2007.ISGM_ oak is a group of nonlinear simultaneous equations.The method of nonlinear error-in-variable simultaneous equations is used to estimate the parameters of ISGMoak with the statistical software Forstat 2.0,so the parameter estimation of the group of correlated equations in ISGMoak is unbiased and the equations are compatible.Model validation using bootstrap method showed that both the average relative error and square error are less than 15 percent.The ISGM_ oak model can be used to simulate the stand growth with different values of site index,stand density and to draw stand density management diagram for decision-making. 相似文献
49.
50.
对栓皮槠与栓皮烁树初再生皮在采剥难易、含皮量、再生速度、再生率及其栓皮在外观、质量、化学组成的差异及地理差异等方面进行的对照试验结果表明:栓皮槠栓皮质量好,再生能力强,产皮厚,剥皮工效高,经济效益好,是优良栓皮树种,可用来改造我国的栓皮烁林。 相似文献