小麦花药伸出特性的QTL分析

花药伸出特性直接影响小麦的授粉结实率和穗部真菌病害抗性,为挖掘控制小麦花药伸出特性的QTL,以半闭颖品种周8425B和开颖品种小偃81构建的包含102个株系的F_2:12RIL群体为材料,于2019和2020年各分两个播期种植于西北农林科技大学小麦试验站,以小麦花药伸出率和视觉花药伸出等级两个性状表型值对4个环境下的花药伸出特性进行表型鉴定,并利用90K芯片构建的高密度遗传连锁图谱进行QTL定位。结果共检测到8个控制花药伸出特性的QTL,分布在3A、3B、5B、6B、6D和7A染色体上,其中6B和6D染色体上各有2个QTL。 QAe.nwsuaf-3A、 QAe.nwsuaf-3B和 QAe.nwsuaf-6B位点在多个环境中均能被检测到,表型变异解释率分别为3.65%～10.48%、8.12%～26.09%和3.49%～8.93%。     

辣椒分子连锁遗传图谱的构建及抗疫病QTL定位

以抗疫病材料perennial和感疫病材料83-60杂交得到的F2群体144个单株为试材,利用AFLP、RAPD、SSR等分子标记,采用JoinMap3.0构建辣椒分子连锁遗传图谱,该图谱包括12个连锁群,70个标记位点,其中AFLP标记54个,RAPD标记15个,SSR标记1个,覆盖长度为429.02cM,平均图距为6.13cM,连锁群长度在4.30～85.85cM之间。对F2群体进行辣椒疫病的室内人工接种,利用Windows QTL Cartographer2.0软件进行QTL分析,在第4连锁群上检测到两个QTL,解释表型差异的贡献率分别为9.5%和16.4%。     

QTLs for Fusarium head blight response in a wheat DH population of Wangshuibai/Alondra‘s’

Summary A doubled haploid (DH) wheat population derived from the cross Wangshuibai/Alondra‘s’ was developed through chromosome doubling of haploids generated by anther culture of hybrids. Fusarium head blight (FHB) was evaluated for three years from 2001 to 2003 in Jianyang, Fujian Province, China, where epidemics of FHB have been consistently severe. After 307 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were screened, 110 pairs were polymorphic between Wangshuibai and Alondra`s’, and used to construct a genetic linkage map for detection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). A stable QTL for low FHB severity was detected on chromosomes 3B over all three years, and QTLs on chromosomes 5B, 2D, and 7A were detected over two years. Additional QTLs on chromosomes 3A, 3D, 4B, 5A, 5D, 6B and 7B showed marginal significance in only one year. Six QTLs were detected when phenotypic data from three years were combined. In addition, significant additive-by-additive epistasis was detected for a QTL on 6A although its additive effect was not significant. Additive effects (A) and additive-by-additive epistasis (AA) explained a major portion of the phenotypic variation (76.5%) for FHB response. Xgwm533-3B and Xgwm335-5B were the closest markers to QTLs, and have potential to be used as selectable markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in wheat breeding programs.     

Identification of QTLs for rice grain size and shape of Iranian cultivars using SSR markers

Grain size is a main component of rice appearance quality. In this study, we performed the SSR mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling grain size (grain length and breadth) and shape (length/breadth ratio) using an F₂ population of a cross between two Iranian cultivars, Domsephid and Gerdeh, comprising of 192 individuals. A linkage map with 88 markers was constructed, which covered 1367.9 cM of the rice genome with an average distance of 18 cM between markers. Interval mapping procedure was used to identify the QTLs controlling three grain traits, and QTLs detected were further confirmed using composite interval mapping. A total of 11 intervals carrying 18 QTLs for three traits were identifed, that included five QTLs for grain length, seven QTLs for grain breadth, and six QTLs for grain shape. A major QTL for grain length was detected on chromosome 3, that explained 19.3% of the phenotypic variation. Two major QTLs for grain breadth were mapped on chromosomes 3 and 8, which explained 34.1% and 20% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Another two major QTLs were identified for grain shape on chromosomes 3 and 8, which accounted for 27.1% and 20.5% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. The two QTLs that were mapped for grain shape coincided with the major QTLs detected for grain length and grain breadth. Intrestingly, gs2 QTL specific to grain shape was detected on chromosome 2 that explained 15% of the phenotypic variation.     

陆海高代回交群体抗黄萎病QTL定位

【目的】定位棉花抗黄萎病数量性状位点(Quantitative trait loci, QTL)。【方法】以海7124和TM-1配制抗感组合F1,再以鲁棉研28为轮回亲本构建的137个BC4F1家系为作图群体,筛选出多态性重复序列(Simple sequence repeat, SSR)标记,并与已发表的整合高密度遗传连锁图谱相比对,构建遗传图谱。采用复合区间作图法(Composite interval mapping,CIM)进行大田和病圃两个环境下抗黄萎病QTL定位。【结果】216个多态性SSR位点分布在26条染色体上,可覆盖棉花基因组3 380 cM(centi Morgan),标记间平均距离15.77 cM。定位到6个QTLs,分布在6条染色体上,可解释表型变异8.56%~20.26%,其中5个QTLs与前人研究结果相一致,在第1染色体上新定位到一个QTL。本研究可为分子标记辅助选择抗病育种提供帮助。【结论】定位到6个黄萎病相关QTLs,其中1个是在第1染色体上新发现的QTL。     

棉花数量性状遗传与QTL定位研究进展

棉花许多重要的性状多为数量性状。现代分子生物技术的发展为植物数量性状基因的定位、分离等研究提供了条件。从数量性状基因座(QTL)作图群体类型及其特点,QTL定位方法,QTL精细定位、克隆、利用等方面进行了综述,并对今后QTL研究进行了展望。     

Fine mapping of quantitative trait loci affecting organ weights by mouse intersubspecific subcongenic strain analysis

The genetic architecture of organ weights is not well understood. In this study, we fine‐mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting organ weights by characterizing six intersubspecific subcongenic mouse strains with overlapping and non‐overlapping genomic regions on chromosome 2 derived from wild Mus musculus castaneus. QTLs for heart, lung, spleen and kidney weights were revealed on a 6.38‐Mb genomic region between two microsatellite markers, D2Mit323 and D2Mit472. Effects of the castaneus alleles at the organ weight QTLs were all opposite in direction to a body weight QTL previously mapped to the same genomic region. In addition, new QTLs for lung and kidney weights were revealed on a different 3.57‐Mb region between D2Mit205 and D2Mit182. Their effects were dependent on that of another body weight QTL previously mapped to that genomic region. The organ weight QTLs revealed were all duplicated in independent analyses with F₂ intercross populations between subcongenic strains carrying these QTLs and their background strain. The findings suggested that organ weights are not exclusively regulated by genetic loci that commonly influence overall body weight and rather that there are loci contributing to the growth of specific organs only.     

不结球白菜叶片脯氨酸与可溶性蛋白含量的QTL分析

用不结球白菜杂交品种暑绿的112个双单倍体纯系构建了包含186个分子标记的遗传连锁图谱,利用复合区间作图法检测了叶片脯氨酸含量和可溶性蛋白含量两性状的数量性状基因座(QTL)。结果表明:叶片脯氨酸含量由位于第5连锁群上与分子标记C20相距7.2cM的QTL控制,其加性效应和贡献率分别为0.37%和8.32%;可溶性蛋白含量由位于第3连锁群上与分子标记AE153相距0.8cM的QTL控制,其加性效应和贡献率分别为0.004%和8.12%。     

杜洛克与二花脸杂交猪群体SNP偏分离分析

偏分离（TRD）是生物中普遍存在的现象,本研究拟在高密度基因芯片判断基因型的大规模群体中挖掘猪基因组标记位点的偏分离位点并探究其潜在的遗传机制。本研究用60K Illumina Porcine SNP芯片对1 020头F2资源家系（杜洛克与二花脸杂交F0-F2群体）进行基因型分型,用偏分离分析软件TRDscan （BF>100）和TDT （P<0.01）方法在单个位点上检测偏分离信号,并对二者共有的显著信号位点附近100 kb窗口的基因进行功能分析。此外,本研究还利用单倍型分型的软件包PHASEBOOK采用多位点连锁分析的策略分析了父源和母源配子中的偏分离区域,并在该区域内搜寻潜在的QTLs。结果表明：1）在单位点的偏分离分析中共鉴定到44个显著的偏分离位点,筛选到23个相关基因;对父本和母本特异性偏分离效应进行分析时,分别鉴定到27和35个显著偏分离位点,其中,分别有11和25个位点的100 kb附近有已注释的功能基因。2）基于单倍型多位点连锁的偏分离结果显示,父本显著偏分离位点位于5和13号染色体上,在该偏分离区域内搜寻功能相关的QTL,共搜寻到3个与繁殖性状（木乃伊数、产活仔数、黄体数）有关的QTLs;分析母本偏分离位点时,在4、6和12号染色体上定位到显著偏分离区域,结合已知的猪QTL数据库,共找到了5个与繁殖性状相关的QTLs。本研究利用大规模猪家系数据系统地鉴别了猪基因组的偏分离位点,为解析猪中的偏分离现象和进一步探究其生物学机制提供了一定的参考作用。     

利用RIL群体对水稻再生力及相关农艺性状的QTL分析

以粳糯稻品种糯89-1与籼型重穗型杂交稻骨干恢复系蜀恢527杂交构建的籼粳交F₇代RIL群体的169个家系为作图群体,构建了一张含105个微卫星(SSR)标记的分子连锁图谱。定位了水稻正季7个农艺性状的QTL 15个,分布在第1、第2、第3、第5、第6、第7、第10染色体上,LOD值介于2.10~7.51,贡献率3.77%~25.37%,其中贡献率10.0%以上的QTL 7个,单个性状的QTL 1~4个;定位了水稻再生季7个农艺性状的QTL 19个,分布在第1、第2、第3、第4、第5、第6、第7、第10染色体上,LOD值介于2.17~18.34,贡献率3.23%~37.66%,其中贡献率10.0%以上的QTL 7个,单个性状的QTL1~5个;定位了影响水稻再生力(最终再生率)的QTL 2个(qRa4,qRa5),分别在第4和第5染色体上,贡献率分别为8.17%和7.09%,加性效应分别为0.32和-0.39,贡献率和加性效应均较小,属微效基因。共检测到两季农艺性状QTL 36个,同一性状被重复检测的QTL 8个。水稻再生力与正季稻有效穗呈极显著负相关;水稻再生力与再生稻有效穗呈极显著正相关,与每穗总粒数和着粒密度呈显著负相关。QTL定位结果揭示了有效穗是影响再生力的主要因素。