STUDY ON THE HALF-SIB FAMILY SELECTION FOR THE SUPERIOR TREE OF SCOTS PINE

Scotspine(PinussylvesIrisvar.mongoIica)isoneofthemaintreespeciesofsilviculture,shelterbeltsandgreeningbeltsinthenortheastofP.R.China.Asitisresistanttocoldanddry,notovercriticalaboutsoilmoisture,stronginrootsystemetc.,itwasafforestedinmanyregionsinChinarecently.Inordertoimprovescotspinefurther,makefulluseofthesuperiorgeneresources,wemustdotheworkofitsprovenanceandprogenytesttodistinguishindividualsandpopulationaccordingtothephenotypeofitsprogenies,andtose-lectfineprovenanceandfamilyandindi-vi…     

马尾松优树子代性状相关性的研究

对马尾松优树子代从地点间、性状间、早—晚期间等方面进行了相关分析， 结果表明： ①马尾松优树子代树高、胸径、材积等生长性状在性状间保持高度的相关性， 试验点间呈中度以上相关； ②树高、胸径生长早—晚期均能保持相对一致， 用 ８ 年生时马尾松优树子代的生长表现来预估 １３ 年生左右时优劣具有一定的可行性； ③造林成活率、虫害与生长性状呈中度、显著的负相关， 选择速生马尾松优树子代造林需解决造林成活率、虫害防治等问题。     

落叶松遗传改良效果及其育种程序

为了有效地、有步骤地取得落叶松优良品种,提出并实施了一系列的改良措施,主要进行了种间选择、种源选择、林分选择、优树选择、杂交育种、子代测定,种子园、扦插繁殖及早期选择等研究。同时较详细地探讨了落叶松阶段性育种程序——短期育种计划。十几年来的试验表明:①这个育种模式反映了当今树木育种特点,为今后制定长期的、更完善的育种计划具有重大的实践意义。②在种间、种源选择基础上,充分利用优良树种、优良种源、优良林分、优良家系,优良无性系和优良杂交组合建立各种类型的种子园,为林业生产提供大量的繁殖材料,经济效益十分显著。③基因资源的收集、保存、研究和利用是落叶松遗传改良、不同层次育种工作的基础和重要保证。④为今后落叶松遗传改良和制定长期育种计划提供一系列依据。     

白桦优树自由授粉子代测定及优良家系选择

对辽宁省清源和黑龙江省塔河两个种源地5年生白桦子代测定林40个家系的树高、胸径、材积性状进行子代测定及优良家系选择的结果表明：两个种源地不同家系间树高、胸径、材积性状差异极显著,其中清源种源的Q3号为最优家系,其树高大于群体平均值7.467%,胸径大于群体平均值10.87%,材积大于群体平均值21.317%;塔河种源的T19为最优家系,其树高、胸径和材积较平均值增加27.88%、51.89%和85.18%。     

水稻显性雄性核不育基因鉴定初报

1978年我所用栽野型组合(萍矮58×华野)F_2中的无花粉型不育株与反交组合(华野×萍矮58)F_4中的正常株杂交,后代出现典败型变异株。经13个世代观察,该不育材料的测交、回交、姊妹交(不育株×可育株)F_1分离出的不育株与可育株呈1∶1;可育株自交后代育性不分离;“不育株”幼穗分化期在高温下(白天平均温度30℃以上)有部分结实,     

樟子松优树半同胞家系选择的研究

于1988年在帽儿山实验林场林木改良实验站进行调查研究,对7年生樟子松优树半同胞家系测定林进行多性状的相关分析和方差分析,利用主分量指数对112个自由授粉半同胞家系进行选择,初步选出了优于最佳对照的29个优良家系和低于对照平均值的21个低劣家系。这种指数选择集中了多性状的信息,比单一性状选择具有优越性。结论表明优树家系的选择是有效的,可为建立一代生产性种子园和将试验林改建为实生苗种子园提供科学依据。     

油桐育种程序系列研究

经对来自１０个省（区）１８４个种质资源号及２７５个地方品种、单亲家系、双亲家系和无性系系统的研究分析与选育，基本摸清油桐主要性状的遗传参数，并得出油桐为“常异花授粉树种”的结论；制定了油桐育种程序和途径，选育出３个优良家系、４个优良无性系、１个“矮早丰”优良品种和１个优良杂交组合；收集了来自全国油桐产区的种质资源４５１个；生产并推广良种１３ｘ１０４ｋｇ。应用这些良种的遗传增益（△Ｇ）在３４．０％－５９．８％。这一研究为油桐生产和遗传改良提供了理论依据，并提供了部分育种和生产资料。     

卡那霉素在转基因小麦后代筛选中的应用研究

从转基因小麦后代分离群体中选择含有外源基因的目标植株是培育转基因小麦的重要环节。用卡那霉素筛选西农1376和西农2611小麦,结果表明,80mg/L卡那霉素能有效抑制非转化小麦幼苗的正常生长;小麦不同基因型对卡那霉素的敏感性稍有差异;经PCR检测,80mg/L卡那霉素筛选出抗性苗的阳性率达到90％。     

Progeny production of Steinernema abbasi in lepidopterous larvae

Progeny production of a new entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema abbasi in various lepidopterous prepupae was investigated. Most dauer juveniles (DJs) developed in the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (234 000) but the bollworms Helicoverpa virescens (220 000) and Spodoptera exigua (166 000) were also good hosts. Progeny production was independent of the number of nematodes invading the host between the doses of 40 and 230 DJs. The infectivity of DJs declined when they were stored for 3 months but at 30°C approximately 11% of the DJs were still infective. S. abbasi is a nematode of the semi-arid tropics and it would be possible to use the nematode to target pests in these areas if it can be produced satisfactorily locally.     

Potato Breeding at the Scottish Plant Breeding Station and the Scottish Crop Research Institute: 1920–2008

Seventy-two potato cultivars have been bred at the Scottish Plant Breeding Station and the Scottish Crop Research Institute since 1920. The original genetic base contained resistance to wart disease and to viruses, but not comprehensive resistance to all strains. Introgression of resistance genes from the wild and cultivated potato species of Latin America started for late blight in 1932, for viruses in 1941 and for potato cyst nematodes in 1952. Just seven of the 219 wild tuber-bearing species recognized by Hawkes in 1990 feature in the pedigrees of our cultivars, with Solanum demissum for blight resistance in 58, S. vernei for nematode resistance in 19 and S. microdontum for Potato virus Y resistance in 15, the other four species being S. multidissectum, S. commersonii, S. maglia and S. acaule. Resistance to other fungal and bacterial diseases has been mainly due to chance rather than deliberate breeding. From 1970, selection for yield and quality included processing quality, and despite lack of commercial success, prospects remain good for cultivars resistant to sweetening during cold storage. Since 1990 prebreeding has combined desirable traits through efficient recurrent selection based on progeny testing and provided parents for the commercially funded breeding of finished cultivars. Only one cultivar is a Neotuberosum–Tuberosum hybrid, whereas 15 cultivars have the H1 gene for resistance to Globodera rostochiensis introgressed from group Andigena. Long-day Phureja cultivars are finding a market niche for their flavour attributes. Breeding strategies and methods are critically reviewed from a genetic viewpoint.