饲粮锌、硒和维生素E水平对后备母猪生长发育及生殖激素的影响

选择日龄、体况较一致的二元杂(长白×约克)后备母猪27头,采用L9(34)正交表安排试验,共9个试验组,每组3个重复。饲粮锌、硒和维生素E均设置3个水平,分别为:锌(45.0mg/kg,85.0mg/kg,125mg/kg);硒(0.10mg/kg,0.25mg/kg,0.40mg/kg);维生素E(15IU/kg,30IU/kg,45IU/kg),目的是研究饲粮微量元素锌、硒和维生素E对后备母猪生长发育和血清生殖激素参数的影响规律。结果表明在喂给含锌量85mg/kg,含硒量0.25mg/kg,含维生素E量45IU/kg饲粮时:(1)后备母猪的初次发情时间最早,分别为(187.4±6.6)d,(185.9±8.4)d,(189.1±7.3)d(P<0.05);(2)血清雌激素及孕激素浓度在不同日龄情况下均显示最高水平(P<0.05或P<0.10)。综合所考察的参数,后备母猪饲粮中含锌85mg/kg,含硒0.25mg/kg,含维生素E45IU/kg是适当的组合用量。     

Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Effects of Isaridin E Isolated from the Marine-Derived Fungus via Downregulating the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

Isaridin E, a cyclodepsipeptide isolated from the marine-derived fungus Amphichorda felina (syn. Beauveria felina) SYSU-MS7908, has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory and insecticidal activities. Here, we first found that isaridin E concentration-dependently inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation, activation, and secretion in vitro, but did not affect collagen- or thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Furthermore, isaridin E dose-dependently reduced thrombosis formation in an FeCl₃-induced mouse carotid model without increasing the bleeding time. Mechanistically, isaridin E significantly decreased the ADP-mediated phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt. In conclusion, these results suggest that isaridin E exerts potent antithrombotic effects in vivo without increasing the risk of bleeding, which may be due to its important role in inhibiting ADP-induced platelet activation, secretion and aggregation via the PI3K/Akt pathways.     

Food animals as reservoirs and potential sources of multidrug-resistant diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes: Focus on intensive pig farming in South Africa

BackgroundDiarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) strains are a major cause of diarrheal diseases in both developed and developing countries. Healthy asymptomatic animals may be reservoirs of zoonotic DEC, which may enter the food chain via the weak points in hygiene practices.AimWe investigated the prevalence of DEC along the pig production continuum from farm-to-fork.MethodsA total of 417 samples were collected from specific points along the pig production system, that is, farm, transport, abattoir and food. E. coli was isolated and enumerated using Colilert. Ten isolates from each Quanti-tray were selected randomly and phenotypically identified using eosin methylene blue agar selective media. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm the species and to classify them into the various diarrheagenic pathotypes. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined against a panel of 20 antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and EUCAST guideline.ResultsThe final sample size consisted of 1044 isolates, of which 45.40% (474/1044) were DEC and 73% (762/1044) were multidrug-resistant. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) was the most predominant DEC at all the sampling sites.ConclusionThe presence of DEC in food animal production environments and food of animal origin could serve as reservoirs for transmitting these bacteria to humans, especially in occupationally exposed workers and via food. Adherence to good hygienic practices along the pig production continuum is essential for mitigating the risk of transmission and infection, and ensuring food safety.     

猪戊型肝炎研究进展

猪戊型肝炎是一种新发现的传染病,其病原戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)是一种无囊膜的RNA病毒,基因组全长为7.2 kb~7.4 kb。研究发现,世界上许多国家的猪群中普遍存在较高的HEV抗体,也检测到猪戊型肝炎病毒,与猪接触的职业人群的血清抗HEV抗体均高于非职业人群,有些国家从猪群中分离到的HEV核苷酸序列与当地居民感染的HEV具有高度的同源性。据此认为猪戊型肝炎是一种人兽共患病,猪可能作为戊型肝炎的贮存宿主,在人类病毒性肝炎流行病学中具有重要的地位,对于公共卫生、异种器官移植和食品安全等构成潜在威胁。     

仔猪黄痢K88-K99-987p-F41多价菌毛疫苗的制备及小鼠免疫试验

为了更好地预防仔猪黄痢,选取野生分离菌株HN2001（K88ab）、HN2002（K88ac）、HN2003（K88ad）、HN2004（K99）、HN2005（987p）和HN2006（F41）培养后用低温磁力搅拌法提取菌毛,制成5批多价菌毛混合油乳剂灭活苗。试验结果表明,5批多价灭活疫苗对小鼠的平均保护率达95．0％,为进一步进行本体动物试验提供了有价值的参考资料。     

上海地区多种动物戊型肝炎血清学调查

在上海地区收集血液样品(猪、牛、山羊、马、鸡、鸭、鸽、犬和部分珍禽等)964份,应用双抗原夹心酶联免疫法(DS-ELISA)检测抗HEV抗体。结果表明,猪抗HEV抗体的阳性率为72.18%(301/417),其中母猪阳性率最高,为82.53%(222/269),育成猪阳性率为52.54%(62/118),保育猪阳性率为50.00%(15/30);22个猪场均检测到抗HEV抗体阳性猪,阳性率高于60%的猪场有16个,占阳性猪场的72.72%。在牛、山羊、马、鸡、鸭、鸽等血清中也检测到了抗HEV抗体,阳性率分别为6.00%,24.00%,16.00%,1.90%,12.77%和4.44%,明显低于猪群的阳性率。在宠物犬中检测到了抗体阳性犬,阳性率为17.82%(18/101),说明犬对HEV易感。珍禽中野鸭、火烈鸟对HEV也有一定的敏感性,阳性率分别为6.60%(1/15)和10%(1/10),在孔雀和鸵鸟的血清标本中未检测到HEV抗体。猪群中戊型肝炎病毒存在较普遍,其他与人类密切相关的多种动物也对HEV敏感。     

大肠埃希菌Ⅰ类整合子与多重耐药的相关性分析

采用从粪便中分离并鉴定出的40株鸡源大肠埃希氏菌,用K-B法测定大肠杆菌多重耐药性,通过PCR法扩增Ⅰ类整合子,电泳检测扩增产物。结果表明,40株大肠杆菌对10类18种抗菌药物的耐药率,最高为S,C,SMX,SXT 100%,最低为PB,CTX 0%,多重耐药率(耐3种以上药物)为100%。Ⅰ类整合子阳性菌株35株,阳性率87.5%。Ⅰ类整合子对大肠杆菌多重耐药性的产生和传播起着重要作用,应加强基因水平耐药监测。     

HAV表位抗原与HBV核心抗原融合基因的原核表达

为探讨甲肝DNA疫苗的可行性,利用DNA重组技术将甲肝病毒（HAV）复合多表位抗原基因VPx插入到乙肝病毒核心抗原（HBcAg）基因中,得到CVPx融合基因。将CVPx克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a（＋）中,并在大肠杆菌中进行表达,表达的蛋白进行Western Blot及ELISA检测,结果表明：融合蛋白具有甲肝病毒表位抗原的反应原性。     

两种物理方法破碎大肠杆菌比较试验

采用超声波和反复冻融两种物理方法,对一定浓度的标准致病性大肠杆菌进行破碎率比较试验。结果表明:在试验条件下,超声波破碎法达到97%以上的破碎率所需时间为30~50min,尤其是菌液浓度为每毫升50亿,用Ф10变幅杆破碎,30min破碎率可达99.9%。而反复冻融破碎,无论液氮的低温冷冻人为速溶或自溶,还是采取冷冻箱的冻融,达到50%以上的破碎,要耗时数小时,且要经过预冷冻的过程。