灰色系统理论在柽柳属植物扦插繁殖筛选中的应用

采用灰色系统关联度分析方法,分析并计算了8个柽柳属植物种之间的关联度以及它们扦插繁殖中的7个观测指标值间的关联度大小,结果表明:柽柳枝条扦插繁殖观测指标间的关联度大小顺序是茎粗>地上生物量>主根长>株高>侧根数>一级分枝数;柽柳种间的关联度大小顺序是中国柽柳>甘肃柽柳>甘蒙柽柳>刚毛柽柳>短穗柽柳>长穗柽柳>紫杆柽柳>多枝柽柳,关联度的大小可以反映出柽柳种间及扦插繁殖观测指标间的主次顺序。     

基于随机森林特征优选的雪茄烟叶晾制过程含水率预测

针对雪茄烟叶晾制过程含水率人工判断主观性强、准确度低等不足,以及对影响雪茄烟叶晾制过程含水率预测的重要表观特征尚不明确等问题,该研究基于图像特征提取以及机器学习技术实现雪茄烟叶晾制过程含水率的预测。试验以雪茄烟品种“云雪2号”为试验材料,获取晾制过程的烟叶图像的颜色、轮廓、纹理以及部位四类特征并筛选出雪茄烟叶含水率预测的优选图像特征子集。在此基础上,构建了随机森林（random forest, RF）、支持向量机（support vector regression, SVR）与反向传播神经网络（back propagation neural network, BPNN）模型,并利用遗传算法（genetic algorithm, GA）对各模型超参数进行优化,将原始图像特征集与优选图像特征集输入3个机器学习模型,构建出6种模型-特征组合方案,依据晾制时期对原始数据集进行划分,并对测试集进行预测。最终结果显示：GA-SVR模型+优选图像特征子集的组合方案在测试集上表现最优,其决定系数（coefficient of determination,r²）与均方误差（mean square error,MSE）分别为0.980和0.001,且运行时间最短（运行时长=0.128 s）。研究结果可为雪茄烟叶晾制过程智能化控制提供理论依据。     

以生境保护优先的北京市第二道绿化隔离地区郊野公园选址方法

[目的]在中国快速城镇化背景下,北京市边缘地区的生态环境不断恶化,绿化隔离带成为控制北京市建成区无序扩张、改善城市生态环境的手段,在绿化隔离带范围内建设郊野公园是落实规划的有效途径.郊野公园的核心目标是在生态保育的同时提供少量的游憩活动,因此对于绿化隔离带范围内生境质量高的区域进行保护应作为郊野公园选址的基础原则.[方...     

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.     

分子标记辅助选育小麦抗白粉病、优质高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基聚合体

现代小麦育种的目标是选育丰产、综合抗逆性好的优质小麦新品种,将分子标记技术与传统育种方法相结合可以大大提高育种效率.本研究利用与小麦抗白粉病基因Pm21紧密连锁的共显性PCR标记、以及优质高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基1Dx5 1Dy10特异的PCR标记对以小麦品种安农94212、安农92484为优质亲本和以抗白粉病小麦簇毛麦易位系为抗病亲本的杂交高代材料进行标记位点的检测,结合田间抗病性鉴定结果,筛选、培育出聚合有Pm21和1Dx5 1Dy10的抗白粉病小麦聚合体,为小麦抗病、优质育种提供了具有重要利用价值的中间材料.     

宝龙店水曲柳无性系生长早期评价

以28个水曲柳无性系为材料,测定其树高、胸径生长性状,进行变异分析,筛选出优良无性系.结果表明:各无性系的树高、胸径极显著相关(P<0.01),无性系间树高、胸径差异均达极显著差异水(P<0.01).以20％的入选率,初选出无性系1333、1311、1322、1312、1321和1323为优良无性系,6个无性系平均树高...     

羊链球菌CVCC55001、CVCC55002株的制备与鉴定

为研究羊链球菌CVCC55001、CVCC55002株的菌种特性,制备了新的菌种批并对其形态及生化特性、培养特性、血清学特性、真空度、纯粹、剩余水分、毒力及免疫原性等进行鉴定,对其适宜培养基进行了筛选.试验结果表明,该冻干菌种的形态及生化特性、培养特性、血清学特性、真空度、纯粹、剩余水分、毒力及免疫原性均符合《中华人民...     

水稻赖氨酸含量测定方法改进及其最优动态分类研究

赖氨酸是水稻营养成分中第一限制性氨基酸.为优化赖氨酸的测定方法,设置了本试验,通过超声振荡器取代普通振荡器,进行300W超声功率下酰化用时及染料结合反应用时的研究.结果 表明,最佳酰化用时为15min,染料结合用时为90 min.与国标法相比,优化后的方法酰化用时变长、染料结合用时变短,测定总用时明显缩短,但测定结果和...     

基于特征选择和GA-BP神经网络的多源遥感农田土壤水分反演

土壤水分是影响水文、生态和气候等环境过程的重要参数,而微波遥感是农田地表土壤水分测量的重要手段之一。针对微波遥感反演农田地表土壤水分受植被覆盖影响较大的问题,该研究提出了一种基于特征选择和GA-BP神经网络(Genetic Algorithm-Back Propagation neural network)的多源遥感农田地表土壤水分反演方法。首先对Sentinel-1微波遥感数据和Sentinel-2光学遥感数据进行预处理并提取21个特征参数;然后采用差分进化特征选择(Differential Evolution Feature Selection,DEFS)算法从21个特征中选出包含10个参数的最优特征子集,并利用主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)法将特征子集进行降维;之后建立BP神经网络,采用遗传算法(GeneticAlgorithm,GA)对BP网络的节点权值进行优化,使用降维后的特征矩阵和部分实测土壤含水量数据对BP网络进行训练;最后利用训练好的GA-BP网络对研究区土壤水分进行反演,并利用实测数据对反演结果精度进行对比验证。试验结果表明,该研究反演结果的决定系数为0.789 3,均方根误差为0.028 7 cm~3/cm~3,相比单纯使用GA-BP神经网络,加入DEFS和PCA之后决定系数提高了0.215 7,同时均方根误差降低了0.029 5 cm~3/cm~3。该结果展示了DEFS和PCA算法在土壤水分反演最优特征集选择的有效性,为多源遥感农田地表土壤水分反演提供了新思路。     

安徽沿江地区油麦后直播棉的品种选用策略

在目前安徽沿江地区不能实现棉花机采的情况下,提出了"植株高度既适于机采也适于人工采收,含絮力适中(不易落花便于集中采收),生育期适中(播种到采收为180天左右),纤维品质及产量性状较优(纤维长度30.0 mm以上,断裂比强度30.0 cN/tex以上,马克隆值5.0以下,籽棉产量3750 kg/hm2以上,衣分在40％...