Detection of Clinically Relevant Pain Relief in Cats with Degenerative Joint Disease Associated Pain

Background

Detection of clinically relevant pain relief in cats with degenerative joint disease (DJD) is complicated by a lack of validated outcome measures and a placebo effect.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To evaluate a novel approach for detection of pain relief in cats with DJD.

Animals

Fifty‐eight client‐owned cats.

Methods

Prospective, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, stratified, randomized, clinical study. Enrolled cats were 6–21 years of age, with owner‐observed mobility impairment, evidence of pain in at least 2 joints during orthopedic examination, and overlapping radiographic evidence of DJD, and underwent a 2‐week baseline period, 3‐week treatment period with placebo or meloxicam, and 3‐week masked washout period. Outcome measures were evaluated at days 0, 15, 36, and 57.

Results

Both groups significantly improved after the treatment period (day 36) on client‐specific outcome measures (CSOM) and feline musculoskeletal pain index (FMPI) (P < .0001 for both); there was no difference between the groups on CSOM or FMPI score improvement. After the masked washout period, more cats that received meloxicam during the treatment period had a clinically relevant decrease in CSOM score (P = .048) and FMPI score (P = .021) than cats that received placebo.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Using both a client‐specific and a general clinical metrology instrument, owners of cats with DJD were able to detect evident recurrence of clinical signs after withdrawal of active medication than after withdrawal of placebo, and that this study design might be a novel and useful way to circumvent the placebo effect and detect the efficacy of pain‐relieving medications.     

乙醛、对苯二甲酸、乙二醇对鲢、草鱼的联合毒性

实验按毒性单位1：1：1设计，研究乙醛、对苯二甲酸、乙二醇等化纤污水中主要污染物对鲢、草鱼的稚鱼和幼鱼的联合毒性。实验结果表明，乙醛＋对醛二甲酸＋乙二醇对鲢的稚鱼和幼鱼的96hLC50值分别为21300．6和27438.8mg/L；对草鱼的稚鱼和幼鱼的96gLC50值分别为27387．3和25606．2mg/L。联合毒性效应均表现为相加作用。     

医用骨水泥和人工韧带在犬髋关节脱位治疗中的应用

为了探索人工圆韧带植入术治疗犬髋关节脱位远期疗效降低的解决办法,选择体重6．5 kg～7．5 kg、年龄1岁左右的3只本地家犬,在使用外科丝线替代圆韧带植入髋关节后,使用医用骨水泥填充和封闭髋臼和股骨孔道,术后通过运动姿态观察、负重力测试、常规 X 线摄片、血清生化项目检测和病理剖检几个方面,分析评估人工圆韧带植入术使用医用骨水泥的效果。结果显示,随着犬肢运动状态逐渐改善,术肢负重力增加;但随着丝线断开或出现退行性关节病,术肢运动肢势改变和负重力降低;骨水泥填充、封闭人工圆韧带孔道效果可靠,关节滑液保持良好,血清重要生化指标均在参考范围。在动物试验基础上,选择医用人工韧带植入和将骨水泥用于犬髋关节脱位临床病例1例,经过9个月的动态观察,术肢运动状态、负重力和髋关节 X 线影像与健肢相比无任何异常。动物试验与临床疗效表明,联合使用医用骨水泥和人工韧带能够很好地重建髋关节结构和功能,维持人工圆韧带植入术治疗犬髋关节脱位的远期疗效。     

Maintenance of arytenoid abduction following carbon dioxide laser debridement of the articular cartilage and joint capsule of the cricoarytenoid joint combined with prosthetic laryngoplasty in horses: An in vivo and in vitro study

The objective was to evaluate CO₂ laser debridement of the cricoarytenoid joint (CAJ) combined with prosthetic laryngoplasty to prevent post-operative loss of arytenoid abduction in seven horses. Horses were assigned to either laser debridement of the left CAJ and laryngoplasty (laser treated, n = 5) or control laryngoplasty (sham, n = 2), and were evaluated with endoscopic examinations and measurement of right to left angle quotients (RLQ) to assess maintenance of arytenoid abduction. The animals were euthanased at intervals after surgery and larynges were harvested for post-mortem testing, including determination of translaryngeal flow, pressure, impedance and RLQ. Measurements were obtained under increasing vacuum-generated negative pressure with laryngoplasty sutures intact and with the knot/crimp of the laryngoplasty sutures removed. Following post-mortem testing the cricoarytenoid joints were examined histologically.Post-operative endoscopic examinations revealed no significant differences between RLQ measurements calculated for day 1 following surgery to the termination date of the study for the seven horses. Post-mortem RLQ at airflows of 10 and 60 L/s was significantly higher in sham than in laser treated horses both before and after knot/crimp removal. Translaryngeal impedance at 10 and 60 L/s was not statistically different between groups. Histopathology revealed necrosis and loss of articular cartilage in the laser treated horses. The lymphoid cell infiltration subsided but joint capsule and periarticular fibrosis increased over the course of the study. Post-operative loss of arytenoid abduction after laryngoplasty can be minimized with CO₂ laser debridement of the CAJ joint.     

油气管道外防腐补口技术研究进展

油气管道外防腐层补口是管道防腐系统工程中的重要环节,防腐补口技术的研究和应用已成为管道寿命和运行安全的重要保障。综述了油气管道外防腐层补口技术研究与应用现状,对防腐补口的材料性能、技术工艺特点以及质量控制进行了详细分析,介绍了管道防腐补口技术的新发展,指出了我国当前管道防腐补口技术中存在的不足,并预示了未来管道防腐补口技术将向着材料节能环保、操作工艺简单、设备自动化程度高的方向发展。     

大兴安岭北部兴安落叶松天然林单木地上生物量

基于大兴安岭北部林区19块样地内104株天然兴安落叶松实测生物量数据,建立兴安落叶松天然林地上总量和分量相容性生物量模型,分别采用权函数和联立线性方程组消除方程的异方差和度量误差。结果表明：1)含度量误差的单木生物量相容性模型能解决总量生物量模型和分量生物量模型不兼容的问题,而且模型的预估精度高于经验模型;2)所建模型参数的决定系数 R2和模型偏差统计量,估计值的标准差 SEE、平均估计误差MPE、平均相对偏差 ME、平均相对偏差绝对值 MAE 分别为0.907～0.947,1.887～17.368,1.011%～2.703%,-4.937%～6.998%,5.408%～10.886%;3)对大兴安岭北部兴安落叶松天然林样木实测值进行统计分析,得到兴安落叶松天然林单木干材生物量占地上生物量的60.37%～76.80%,所占比例随年龄增加先增加再减小。树皮生物量占地上生物量的7.15%～20.11%,所占比例随年龄增加而减小;树枝生物量占地上生物量的8.51%～14.29%,所占比例随年龄增加基本呈现增加趋势;树叶生物量占地上生物量的5.12%～7.09%,在低林龄期时所占比例最大。     

Hg↑（2+）、Zn↑（2+）、Cr↑（6+）对黄姑鱼幼鱼的急性致毒效应

2004年8月，在浙江省舟山市定海区小沙镇浙江华兴海水种苗有限公司以日龄为56d的黄姑鱼（Nibeaalbiflora）幼鱼作为实验动物，开展Hg^2＋、Zn^2＋、Cr^6＋对黄姑鱼幼鱼的急性毒性和加和等毒性强度联合毒性试验。结果表明，Hg^2＋对黄姑鱼幼鱼24h、48h、72h、96h的半致死质量浓度分别为0．7523mg／L、0．6616mg／L、0．5618mg／L、0．4959mg／L；Zn^2＋对黄姑鱼幼鱼24h、48h、72h、96h的半致死质量浓度分别为22．9908mg／L、18．4576mg／L、14．5306mg／L、11．5833mg／L；Cr^6＋对黄姑鱼幼鱼24h、48h、72h、96h的半致死质量浓度分别为18．7654mg／L、16．7415mg／L、15．4521mg／L、13．1276mg／L。黄姑鱼幼鱼对Cr6’、Zn^2＋、Hg^2＋96h安全质量浓度分别为1．31mg／L、1．16mg／L和0．050mg／L。各重金属离子毒性由大到小依次为Hg^2＋、Zn^2＋、Cr^6＋,Hg^2＋-Zn^2＋、Hg^2＋,Cr^6＋对黄姑鱼幼鱼的96h联合急性毒性表现为协同作用。Zn^2＋-Cr^6＋对黄姑鱼幼鱼的96h联合急性毒性表现为，低毒性强度的Zn^2＋对Cr^6＋具拮抗作用Cr^6＋毒性强度略高于Zn^2＋时表现为相互独立作用，当Zn^2＋毒性强度高于Cr^6＋时则表现为协同作用。并就Hg^2＋、Zn^2＋、Cr^6＋对黄姑鱼幼鱼的急性致毒效应特征，黄姑鱼幼鱼对Hg^2＋、Zn^2＋、Cr^6＋的安全浓度以及Cr^6＋-Zn^2＋、Cr^6＋-Hg^2＋与Zn^2＋-Hg^2＋对黄姑鱼幼鱼的联合毒性效应机理进行了探讨。     

关于联合生产研究进展的述评和展望

在系统查阅国内外生态经济学、农业经济学以及公共经济学期刊杂志中有关联合生产研究成果的基础上,结合退耕还林工程实施过程中内在机制、农户决策等方面的研究进展,对联合生产的基本概念、主要特点及其应用发展进行了系统的阐述和评论,并对农业生态经济联合生产进行了初步探讨。     

碳罐固定支架优化设计

通过对某款车型中碳罐固定支架初始结构设计所存在的两个主要问题（碳罐固定支架留在空间中的悬臂过长和在碳罐固定支架上的安装点连接强度相对较弱）,进行结构、装配关系等原因分析,然后根据这些原因问题进行结构优化改进。相应的结构改进包括：首先,通过缩短碳罐固定支架的悬臂长度用以减少其受力弯矩;其次,通过在碳罐固定支架周边增加翻边,来增加支架的强度,进而避免在支架折弯处产生变形或开裂。