响叶杨次生林树种多样性及生态位分析

以贵州省中部和东南部两地典型的响叶杨次生林样地为材料,对木本植物的多样性、生态位作了分析,结果表明:响叶杨次生林不同群落乔木层树种丰富度和多样性指数高度正相关,不同群落乔木层、灌木层的丰富度、多样性指数、均匀度指数差异分别达到显著或极显著;树种多样性受海拔、坡向、土壤性质影响,多样性与海拔呈负相关,南坡、硅铝质黄壤的多样性指数最大;响叶杨的生态位宽度最大,与林内其它树种的生态位重叠度相对较小,能与其它迹地先锋树种形成稳定的次生混交林群落.     

田间条件下毛白杨无性系光合和蒸腾特性研究

测定了８个毛白杨无性系净光合速率、蒸腾速率、蒸腾效率和气孔阻力等生理指标，反映出它们抗旱性上的差异。毛白杨无性系净光合速率和蒸腾速率与其叶片形态特征和解剖特征有着密切关系。毛白杨各无性系单位面积日同化量之间的差异，来源于它们在１２：００ｐｍ─２：００ｐｍ时，对逆境忍受能力的差异和时至４：００ｐｍ时叶细胞膨压恢复能力的差异。短时间内测定的净光合速率不能作为预测树木生长量大小的直接指标。     

环境条件对杨树花粉生活力的影响

花粉生活力的强弱直接关系到杂交育种的成败。在花粉的采集及贮存过程中,许多因素如花枝培养的条件、花粉采集的日期,收粉后的失水时间及含水率,花粉的贮存温度及贮存时间等对花粉的质量和生活力等均具有重要的影响。为了确定这些因素对杨树花粉生活力的     

Comparative study on antioxidative system in normal and vitrified shoots of Populus suaveolens in tissue culture

To explore the physiological and biochemical mechanism of the occurrence of vitrified shoots of Populus suaveolens in tissue culture, the changes in water, chlorphyll, lignin, H₂O₂, phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), malonaldehyde (MDA), protective enzymatic systems, and some key enzymes involved in the ascorbate- glutathione cycle were comparatively studied in both normal and vitrified shoots of P. suaveolens. The results show that the lower activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR) and PAL, and the less contents of chlorphyll, lignin, ascorbate (ASA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as the lower ratios of ASA / DHA and GSH / GSSG are observed in vitrified shoots than in normal ones during the whole culture period. While in comparison with normal shoots, the higher activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the more concentrations of water, H₂O₂, MDA, dehydroascorbate (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) are found in vitrified shoots. Statistical analysis indicates that the enhanced activity of SOD and the decreased activities of CAT and POD as well as some enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle might be closely correlated to the accumulation of H₂O₂. The less regeneration of ASA and GSH and the lower capacity of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle observed in vitrified shoots might be due to a significant decrease in APX, MDAR, DHAR and GR activities and a decline in redox status of ASA and GSH. The decreases in chlorphyll content might result in a decline in photosynthesis. The lower activities of POD and PAL could result in the decrease of lignin synthesis and cell wall ligination, which might be the key factor leading to the increase in water content. It is concluded that the deficiency of detoxification capacity caused by the lower capacity of the ascorbate-glutathione pathway and the decreased activity of protective enzymatic system might lead to the large accumulation of H₂O₂ and the enhancement of membrane lipid peroxidation, which might be the main cause leading to the occurrence of vitrifying shoots of P. suaveolens in tissue culture. [Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30271093) and the Foundation of State-designated Base for Biology Researching and Teaching in Beijing Forestry University]     

三倍体毛白杨无性系木材两个切面密度的可视化

This study uses two different mathematical models and gets two dimensional graphs of longitudinal and tangential section wood density at the same time by the radial wood density data measured by X-ray. The graph is direct and clear. It can be used to analyze the distribution and difference of wood density. It can also be done various kinds of transformation, including different angle, different colors, space and plane, part and entirety. This develops the visible analysis of wood density. Next the distribution of wood density of veneer will be simulated by new mathematical model and radial wood density data.     

毛白杨,河北杨多代循环繁殖方法的研究

从1983年起,对毛白杨、河北杨的扦插繁殖育苗及其机理进行了研究,研究出“多代循环繁殖新方法”,无需任何处理,也无需地膜覆盖,使大田育苗成活率稳定在80％左右;同时研究出快速、简便、繁殖系数高的优树根萌条培育新技术,为毛白杨、河北杨优树的无性系测定、无性系育种和无性系造林创造了条件。     

在人工接种和自然感虫情况下美洲黑杨后代对桑天牛抗性的研究

杨树 (Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｓｐｐ .)是我国主要造林和工业用材树种之一 ,据统计我国杨树人工林面积达 666×1 0 4ｈｍ2 (王世绩 ,1 995 )。但杨树天牛危害十分猖獗 ,其中光肩星天牛 (Ａｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａｇｌａｂｒｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ)和黄斑星天牛 (Ａｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａｎｏｂｉ     

在低温锻炼中毛白杨幼苗可溶性总蛋白、RNA、DNA、RNase及抗冻性的变化

低温锻炼不仅提高了毛白杨幼苗存活率和抗冻性以及RNA和可溶性总蛋白的含量 ,降低了RNase活性 ,而且能减轻低温胁迫引起的RNA和可溶性总蛋白含量的下降程度和RNase活性的提高 ,有利于幼苗在恢复过程中RNA和可溶性总蛋白水平的迅速回升以及RNase活性的降低 .进一步研究发现 ,DNA含量无论在低温锻炼中还是在低温胁迫下或是在随后的恢复生长期均保持相对稳定 ;低温锻炼所引起的RNA含量的增加 ,与RNase活性的降低呈明显的负相关 ,与可溶性总蛋白含量的增加以及幼苗抗冻性的提高成正相关 .这表明低温锻炼可能抑制RNase活性 ,有效地促进RNA含量的增加 ,而RNA可能参与了可溶性总蛋白的合成及抗冻性的诱导     

Wood Microstructure Effects on Chinese White Poplar Dyeing

In order to study the influence of wood microstructure on wood dyeing, eleven parameters of wood microstructure and 5 parameters of wood dyeing effects for 34 pieces of wood boards from 5 trees of Chinese white poplar (Populus tomentosa) were determined and the multiple regression analysis between the factors of wood microstructures and the parameters of wood dyeing effects were made. The regression results show that each variable of wood dyeing effects has higher relationship with wood microstructures, and multiple correlation coefficients between each variable of wood dyeing effects and wood microstructures are 0.483 6~0.799 8. The main factors of wood microstructures influencing wood dyeing of Chinese white poplar are proportion of wood ray, proportion of vessel and proportion of wood fiber according to comparing the standardized regression coefficients of multiple regression equation.     

中国大青杨基因资源研究

收集我国东北林区特有乡土树种大青杨天然基因资源400多份。在黑龙江省伊春带岭建立了我国第一个大青杨基因库，利用常规手段对其生长，物候，抗锈病和木材材性等性状进行了遗传分析，利用高新技术方法从DNA分子水平上探测了大青杨天然群体的遗传结构和分化程度，经综合评价选出5个优良群体，44个优良单株，为该地区营建大青杨人工林奠定了一定基础，为杨树抗性育种等提供了育种材料和信息，认为选择优良个体是近期大青杨改良的一条重要途径。