水稻与稻瘟病菌非亲和性互作中重要防御酶活性变化规律研究

 选以CO39为背景的水稻抗稻瘟病近等基因系,与稻瘟菌生理小种ZC₁₃(菌株97-151a)组成的3类典型非亲和性互作,以亲和性互作为对照,对各互作中过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、几丁质酶及β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的活性变化规律进行了系统研究。完全非亲和性互作C101A51/97-151a、高度非亲和性互作C101L AC/97-151a及中度非亲和性互作C104 PKT/97-151a,POD比活性接种后即开始明显升高,48h前达到高峰,升高趋势一直持续到7d完全显症时,幅度基本与各互作非亲和程度呈正相关;亲和性互作CO39/97-151a接种后40 h POD比活性才开始升高,4~6 d达到高峰,峰值也较大。3类非亲和性互作PAL比活性在接种后0 h或16 h开始较明显升高,整个互作中形成3~4个较明显的峰;亲和性互作中PAL比活性一直明显下降。3类非亲和性互作外切几丁质酶比活性接种后即开始升高,基本一直保持升高趋势,在40 h前幅度较大,并形成1~3个较高的峰;亲和性互作外切几丁质酶比活性接种后即开始大幅度升高直至完全显症,48h后幅度远高于非亲和性互作。3类非亲和性互作β-1,3-葡聚糖酶比活性在24 h内开始较明显升高,在48h前形成2~3个较明显的峰;亲和性互作在接种后β-1,3-葡聚糖酶比活性即开始升高,在48h后显著高于非亲和性互作。讨论了POD、PAL、几丁质酶及β-1,3-葡聚糖酶参与水稻抗稻瘟病的可能性。     

等值线制图工具 Surfer在病虫测报上的应用研究

Surfer系统是美国金软公司开发的专门制作等值线的工具。1997年以来,笔者对其运用于稻飞虱等农作物病虫害的监测方面作了探讨和开发。阐述了病虫分布图的绘制和遮盖图编制的过程和方法。     

变叶海棠种群多样性的形成与分化研究

 采用杂种指数和形象化散点图法, 探明了变叶海棠以兼性无融合生殖方式与陇东海棠和花叶海棠产生渗入杂交变异, 又以无融合生殖方式保持新产生变异的遗传, 经过数千万年的世代繁衍,形成现今这样极其复杂多样的渗入杂交群体, 该群体为3 个种的杂交复合体。由于杂种的全部或部分能育子代中发生的基因重组和增加基因的突变, 丰富了物种的基因库, 从而深入的揭示了变叶海棠具有多种高抗性的遗传机理。在变叶海棠居群内保护或栽植适量的陇东海棠和花叶海棠, 对于保持和促进变叶海棠多样性的形成与分化具有重要意义。     

甜椒始花期氮素分配动态的研究

 利用¹⁵N 示踪技术研究了营养液培养甜椒始花期吸收的氮素在体内的动态分配规律。结果表明: 根与果实中氮的含量在始采期以后保持稳定; 而叶片中氮的含量则随生育进程迅速下降, 盛采期时与果实和根相近, 且两倍高于茎和侧枝。始花期由根吸收的标记氮主要贮存在叶片中, 2 周后向新生器官的运转率高达50. 6%, 4 周后达到57. 1%, 6 周后为58. 0%, 说明越是新近吸收的氮素越容易被再度运转到其它器官, 随着在体内时间的延长, 氮的再运转能力逐渐降低。开花后2 周收获的果实中标记氮占始花期吸收总量的3. 24%, 第3、4、6 周分别为11. 12%, 9. 49%和4. 75%。果实是甜椒体内氮的强力库, 氮素竞争力最强。     

Population dynamics and habitat connectivity affecting the spatial spread of populations – a simulation study

In this paper we show how the spatialconfiguration of habitat quality affects the spatial spread of apopulation in a heterogeneous environment. Our main result is thatfor species with limited dispersal ability and a landscape withisolated habitats, stepping stone patches of habitat greatlyincrease the ability of species to disperse. Our results showthat increasing reproductive rate first enables and thenaccelerates spatial spread, whereas increasing the connectivity has aremarkable effect only in case of low reproductive rates. Theimportance of landscape structure varied according to thedemographic characteristics of the population. To show this wepresent a spatially explicit habitat model taking into accountpopulation dynamics and habitat connectivity. The population dynamicsare based on a matrix projection model and are calculated on eachcell of a regular lattice. The parameters of the Leslie matrix dependon habitat suitability as well as density. Dispersal between adjacentcells takes place either unrestricted or with higher probability inthe direction of a higher habitat quality (restricted dispersal).Connectivity is maintained by corridors and stepping stones ofoptimal habitat quality in our fragmented model landscape containinga mosaic of different habitat suitabilities. The cellular automatonmodel serves as a basis for investigating different combinations ofparameter values and spatial arrangements of cells with high and lowquality.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

莫莫格湿地干-湿界面优势植物种群动态分析

莫莫格湿地从高河漫滩底端到顶端选取有代表性的植物群落片断作为固定观测样带,并设置6个观测样方,生长季5月、7月、9月3次观测结果表明,小叶章优势种群5月份密度最高达1154-1594株/平方米,7月种群数量下降,9月有所升高;踏头苔草优势种群5-7月份密度在3 414-7 193株/平方米,9月份种群数量大幅度下降;土壤相对含水量低地段小叶章种群相对优势度大,土壤相对含水量高地段踏头苔草种群相对优势度大,局部地段生长季内有相对优势度相互替代过程,莫莫格湿地干-湿界面上小叶章和踏头苔草两个种群可以共存。     

Seed production of Chenopodium album in competition with field vegetables

Total weed control within a crop is both difficult and expensive to achieve, so that some weeds will often remain to set seed. The seed production resulting from these weeds will ultimately affect the sustainability of the weed control strategy. If too much is allowed to return each season there could be a gradual, but significant, increase in the potential weed flora over a number of seasons. Field trials were carried out in 2000 and 2001 to quantify the potential magnitude of this weed seed return from Chenopodium album L., grown at two planting densities either in pure stands or in competition with one of two crops (cabbage or onion). Crop and weed weights and weed seed production were notably greater in 2001. Both dry weight and seed production of C. album were suppressed by increasing planting density or by the presence of crop, with cabbage having a more suppressive effect. Despite the plasticity in seed production, a linear relationship was demonstrated between log weed seed production and log weed biomass that was robust over a range of competitive situations with onion and cabbage, at different planting densities and in growing seasons. The study also demonstrated that the relationship could be combined with an existing simple competition model to allow the consequences of incomplete weed control to be assessed in terms of potential weed seed return.     

野生金头闭壳龟的资源现状调查

笔者于2001-2004年对金头闭壳龟(Cuoraaurocapitata)的野生种群的分布、数量及相关生态学进行了专项调查。结果表明,金头闭壳龟目前仅分布于青弋江源头和上游即北纬30°-30°52′的少数支流中,具体为安徽省泾县的古坝、蔡村和孤峰三地的山涧溪流以及黟县红星乡的清溪河流域。野外种群数量十分稀少,目前已不足400只。金头闭壳龟主要栖息在水质清澈、两侧植被茂密或一侧山脚多石缝的山涧溪流中。经对曾经发现过金头闭壳龟典型地带的各种生态指标的测量表明,泾县古坝乡沈村上沈村段的古坝河段的以及蔡村乡的东园至爱民段的丁溪河段,相比而言仍不失为金头闭壳龟较为理想的栖息地。     

密闭式猪舍环境监控系统的发展研究

控制系统是密闭式猪舍环境调控的关键组成部分.该研究系统归纳分析了应用于密闭式猪舍环境调控的4种控制系统,包括基于单片机控制系统、基于PLC控制系统、基于CAN总线的分布式控制系统和基于物联网的监控系统,总结出了各自的结构特点.结合工业控制技术、计算机技术和网络通讯技术的发展,提出了密闭式猪舍环境控制系统的发展趋势,对密闭式猪舍环境控制系统的设计具有一定的参考价值.     

微生物燃料电池在环境监测中的研究进展

微生物燃料电池在环境监测领域有巨大的应用潜力.概述微生物燃料电池应用于环境监测的基本原理,对目前已有的微生物燃料电池型传感器为监测方法进行详细的介绍,包括微生物燃料电池用于易降解碳源、有毒污染物及微生物数量检测三方面的研究.最后探讨了微生物燃料电池传感器目前还未被广泛应用于实际水质监测的原因,以期为未来研究开发高性能微生物燃料电池传感器提供理论参考依据.