红皮云杉花粉母细胞减数分裂和花粉发育的研究

 本研究采用压片法,观察研究了红皮云杉花粉母细胞（PMC）减数分裂和花粉发育的完整过程。证实红皮云杉PMC减数分裂始于每年春季,持续时间较长,约2～3个月。减数分裂中期二价体构型以两臂至少发生两次交换的环形二价体居多,很少观察到棒状二价体。减数分裂粗线期结束之后,经历明显的弥散双线期阶段。胞质分裂发生在第两次减数分裂结束之后,属于同时型分裂方式,形成的四分体主要是四面体形的。四分体的构型还受到第二次减数分裂中期纺锤体定向的影响,其中纺锤体垂直排列形成的四分体是四面体形的,而纺锤体平行排列形成的四分体是四角形的。四分体在胼胝酶的作用下,释放出单核小孢子。红皮云杉从单核小孢子发育为成熟花粉,经过3次有丝分裂,形成4细胞的成熟花粉,包括2个原叶细胞,1个生殖细胞和1个管细胞。云杉属花粉的发育与松属基本相同,成熟花粉均由4个细胞组成。     

苦竹属竹叶多糖、蛋白质及叶绿素比较研究

对苦竹属苦竹、宜兴苦竹、川竹、斑苦竹、杭州苦竹、高舌苦竹、垂枝苦竹、衢县苦竹、丽水苦竹及实心苦竹等10种竹种竹叶多糖、蛋白质及叶绿素等化学成分进行了分析比较。结果表明,10种竹叶中多糖、蛋白质及叶绿素含量丰富,竹叶多糖含量均在600 mg/kg以上,竹叶蛋白质含量在127.55~182.24 g/kg之间,竹叶叶绿素总含量均在1 600 mg/kg以上,叶绿素a的含量大于叶绿素b的含量。苦竹竹叶多糖及蛋白质含量最高,分别为843.29 mg/kg及182.24 g/kg;川竹竹叶叶绿素总含量和叶绿素a含量最高,分别为3 339.24 mg/kg和2 390.97 mg/kg,实心苦竹竹叶叶绿素b含量最高,为949.54 mg/kg。研究结果为苦竹属竹叶化学成分基础研究和苦竹属竹叶资源的综合利用提供了理论基础。     

干旱胁迫下云杉内源激素的响应及其气孔调节

为给抗旱性的深入研究提供理论依据,采用盆栽法比较了3年生红皮云杉和嫩江云杉苗木在不同水分条件下几种内源激素的变化.结果表明:随着土壤含水量的降低(40％～12％),2种云杉根、茎、叶中的ABA含量都有上升的趋势,可达到对照的2～5倍,且嫩江云杉的上升幅度大于红皮云杉.在轻度甚至中度干旱时,红皮云杉IAA的含量有所上升,...     

不同Pb浓度胁迫下4种地被竹的叶绿素荧光响应和转运积累研究

以黄条金刚竹(Pleioblastus kongosanensi)、阔叶箬竹(Indocalamus latifolius)、菲白竹(Sasa fortunei)、鹅毛竹(Shibataea chinensis) 4种竹种为材料,研究了4种地被竹对不同Pb浓度胁迫的响应及其对Pb的转运和积累情况。结果显示,在Pb胁迫下,4种地被竹形态特征均发生一定的变化,其中黄条金刚竹和菲白竹出现伤害症状较早; 4种地被竹的叶绿素荧光参数随着Pb胁迫浓度的增加而显著下降; 4种地被竹中鹅毛竹和菲白竹对Pb的耐性较强;不同竹种对Pb的蓄积能力也存在着差异,其中以阔叶箬竹和黄条金刚竹地上部分迁移总量较大。     

化学灭除苦竹、杂灌配方试验

对威尔柏、草灌净和草甘膦 3种化学药剂灭除苦竹、杂灌的试验研究表明 ,灭除苦竹、杂罐的主导因子均为威尔柏 ,其中灭除苦竹的最佳配方是威尔柏 2 6 7L·hm-2 +草灌净 2 0 0L·hm-2 +草甘膦 8 3L·hm-2 的混合制剂 ;灭除杂灌的最佳配方是威尔柏 2 6 7L·hm-2 +草甘膦 16 7L·hm-2 的混合制剂。生产上应注意 3者的灵活合理使用 ,以提高灭除效果和降低生产成本     

Functional efficacy analysis of Angelica gigas Nakai on chicken myoblast cells through cell‐based in vitro assay

The value‐added products in livestock industry is one of the key issues in order to maximize the revenue and to create a new business model. Numerous studies have suggested application of herbal plants as feed additives to increase health, productivity, and/or high‐quality product in livestock. In this study, the first experiment was designed to develop in vitro evaluation system by using primary chicken myoblast (pCM) cells isolated from pectoralis major of 10‐day‐old male embryos. Subsequently, to evaluate effects of Korean Danggui Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN), we optimized the concentration of AGN root extract for treatment of primary pCM cells. After the treatment of AGN root extract, we compared proliferation and differentiation capacity, and also examined the gene expression. In the second experiment, the next generation sequencing analysis was performed to compare the different patterns of the global gene expression in pCM cells treated with AGN extract. Three up‐regulated (pancreas beta cells, fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis) and one down‐regulated (adipogenesis) gene sets were characterized suggesting that the AGN extract affected the metabolic pathways for the utilization of fat and glucose in chicken muscle cells. Furthermore, we validated the expression patterns of the up‐regulated genes (GCLC, PTPN6, ISL1, SLC25A13, TGFBI, and YWHAH) in the AGN‐treated pCM cells by quantitative RT‐PCR. These results demonstrated that the treatment of AGN extract decreased proliferation and differentiation of pCM cells, and affected the metabolic pathways of glucose and fatty acids. Moreover, AGN extract derived from byproducts such as stem and leaf also showed the reduced proliferation patterns on AGN‐treated pCM cells. Taken together, pCM cell‐based in vitro assay system could be primarily and efficiently applied for evaluating the biofunctional efficacy of various feed additive candidates.     

栽培管理对荻生长特性及生物质成分的影响

为了草本能源植物荻(Triarrhena sacchariflora)在华北地区的科学种植,研究了不同种植密度、施肥量和灌溉处理对其生长特性、生物质成分及生物量的影响。结果表明:在第一个生长季,种植密度对分蘖、生物量和茎叶比影响显著(P<0.05);灌溉对茎叶比、干鲜比和生物量影响显著;施氮肥对所有生长指标和生物量影响显著。在第二个生长季,种植密度对茎叶比影响显著;灌溉对分蘖影响显著;施氮肥对各生长指标及生物量影响不显著;种植密度对荻生物质N、H含量的影响不显著,但种植密度4.0 plant·m^-2降低了C含量;灌溉显著增加其生物质C含量,降低N含量;施氮肥增加了其生物质的N含量;灌溉与施氮肥的交互作用对荻生物质纤维素含量的影响显著,在灌溉条件下施氮肥降低了纤维素含量。栽培管理的关键是在合理种植密度基础上,通过适当灌溉补水和施肥优化其生长特性并提高生物质产量。     

响应面法优化花红叶多酚提取工艺的研究

研究花红叶多酚的最佳提取条件,在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面法优化花红叶中多酚类物质的提取条件。结果表明：花红叶多酚提取的最优工艺为：提取液乙醇浓度60％,提取时间60 min,液料比12 ∶ 1,在此条件下花红叶多酚的提取率为4.61％。     

Impact of invasion of pine wood nematode on the growth of dominant shrub Pleioblastus amarus in Pinus massoniana communities

When pine trees are invaded by pine wilt diseases,the severely infected pine trees will die and fall down,or they will be removed when found to be damaged by the disease.It gives rise to the invasion of other species in these empty niches originally occupied by pine trees,i.e.,competing surrounding trees or understory shrubs will invade the empty niches during the following years.As a result,the spatial distribution and pattern of the main tree species in a pine forest will change,and a niche variety in the...     

苹果梨花芽分化期几种酶活性的变化

 对‘苹果梨’花芽分化各时期叶片中过氧化物酶(POD) 、吲哚乙酸(IAA) 氧化酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶(CAT) 活性进行研究, 前三者在花芽分化临界期(7月23日) 达高值, 而后者处于低值; 在花蕾、花萼分化期CAT 活性增强, 蔗糖酶、IAA 氧化酶、POD 活性降低; 花瓣、雄蕊、雌蕊分化期POD、IAA 氧化酶活性增加, 蔗糖酶变化不大, CAT降至最低。