Resistance and partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae in early maturity group soybean plant introductions

Phytophthora sojae, an important yield limiting pathogen of soybean, causes seed, seedling, root, and stem rots. Losses caused by P. sojae can be controlled by both major gene and partial resistance. Early maturity group (MG) soybeans are an increasingly important crop in northwestern Minnesota and eastern North Dakota. Early MG plant introductions (PIs) from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection and early MG public and private cultivars were evaluated for resistance and partial resistance to P. sojae. Of the 113 PIs, PI438445, and PI438454 exhibited resistance to P. sojae races 4, 7, 17, and 28 indicating they may possess either Rps1c, Rps1k, previously unidentified or multiple resistance gene to Phytophthora sojae (Rps) genes. Because they exhibited partial resistance equal to or greater than the standard check cultivar Conrad, three early MG soybean cultivars (MN0902, MN0302, and 91B53) were selected as standard checks to evaluate early MG PIs for partial resistance. Sixty-nine PIs were evaluated for partial resistance to P. sojae races 7 and 25 using the inoculum layer method. Of this group of PIs, 22 had the same level of partial resistance as Conrad to P. sojae race 7 while 19 had the same degree of partial resistance to race 25. Twelve PIs had same level of partial resistance as Conrad to both P. sojae races 7 and 25. The PIs and cultivars identified in this study will be of great value in developing early MG soybean cultivars suitable for planting in Canada and the northern United States.     

甘肃荚蒾属(Viburnum L. )观赏植物资源的调查研究

 在对甘肃荚蒾属植物资源调查的基础上, 整理并描述了27个分类群的生境、分布以及观赏性状, 包括叶、花、果实等, 并结合该属植物的资源现状, 提出了可持续开发利用的建议。     

脂溶性茶多酚中的主要活性组分及对人卵巢癌HO-8910细胞株的体外抑制活性

利用高速逆流色谱对脂溶性茶多酚中的主要活性组分进行分离和纯化,获得了一种新的单取代的长碳链脂溶性儿茶素表没食子儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸-4'-棕榈酸酯,并对其分子结构进行了元素分析、IR、MS和1H-NMR等表征。药理学实验考察并比较了脂溶性的表没食子儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸-4'-棕榈酸酯、水溶性的绿茶多酚和脂溶性茶多酚对人卵巢癌HO-8910细胞株的体外抑制活性。结果表明,单取代的EGCG棕榈酸酯的活性比脂溶性茶多酚强,而与绿茶多酚相当。     

Efficacy of anthelmintic properties of medicinal plant extracts against Haemonchus contortus

The development of anthelmintic resistance has made the search for alternatives to control gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants imperative. Among these alternatives are several medicinal plants traditionally used as anthelmintics. This present work evaluated the efficacy of ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol dried leaf and seed extracts of five medicinal plants were tested in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activities on Haemonchus contortus. The in vitro assay was based on egg hatch assay (EHA) and larval development assay (LDA), all plant extracts were evaluated at five concentrations 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3.13 mg/ml. The leaf and seed ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol of Annona squamosa, Eclipta prostrata, Solanum torvum, Terminalia chebula, and Catharanthus roseus extracts were showed complete inhibition (100%) at the maximum concentration tested (50 mg/ml). The overall findings of the present study have shown that our experimental plant extracts contain possible anthelmintic compounds.     

花烛体细胞胚胎发生及植株再生研究

 以花烛(Anthurium andraeanum Lind. ) 盆花品种无菌苗叶片、叶柄、根段为外植体, 对花烛体细胞胚胎发生及植株再生进行了研究, 建立了花烛体细胞胚胎发生体系。结果表明, 花烛叶片较其他外植体更适宜体细胞胚的诱导; 胚性愈伤组织及胚性结构诱导最适培养基为改良MS + 2, 4-D 2.0～3.0 mg·L ^{- 1} + KT 0.5 mg·L ^{- 1} +蔗糖2% +葡萄糖1% , pH 5.5, 暗培养40 d, 诱导率可达90.3%; 体胚发育适宜培养基为改良MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg·L ^{- 1} +蔗糖3% , 光强20 μmol·m ^-2 · s^-1 , 培养20 d后体胚萌发率达6219%; 萌发的体胚在发育培养基上继续培养30 d后均能发育成完整植株。对不同阶段培养材料的组织结构及超微结构的观察证明了花烛体胚发生过程。     

硼在土壤中的吸附-解吸及其对植物吸收硼的影响

本文对湖北省几种主要旱地土壤进行了硼的吸附－解吸实验,同时对这些土壤上油菜幼苗吸收硼进行了试验,并用Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ和Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ等温吸附方程对实验结果进行了拟合。从中发现,一些土壤硼的解吸存在着明显的滞后解吸现象,这种现象可用滞后系数来定性描述。     

太子湾公园的植物景观与空间分析

通过对太子湾公园的植物景观与空间分析,明确植物配置的重要性,尤其是林冠线及天际线的处理、河岸边缘的柔化等;同时分析太子湾公园的空间格局,提出植物景观的改造措施及相应的对策。     

中国特有植物青毛杨群落物种多样性特征研究

[目的]研究山西黑茶山青毛杨群落物种多样性。[方法]采用样方法进行样地调查,依据重要值指标,应用丰富度指数（N0）、Simpson指数（λ）、Shannon-Weiner指数（H＇）和均匀度指数（E1和E5）进行分析研究。[结果]青毛杨群落物种多样性指数不仅取决于群落的种类组成,而且与种间的重要值配置有密切关系。青毛杨群落内各层物种丰富度指数和多样性指数的大小为草本层〉灌木层〉乔木层;丰富度指数与多样性指数呈正相关关系,而群落均匀度指数的变化与丰富度指数和多样性指数的变化趋势有所不同,且均匀度与优势度呈负相关关系。[结论]进一步了解和认识了青毛杨的生长现状及生长环境,从而为保护这一濒危物种奠定一定的理论基础,同时也为今后濒危物种及相关学科的研究提供基础资料。     

毛茛科植物提取物、莫能霉素及苹果酸对小麦粉体外发酵的影响

本文旨在比较研究毛茛科植物提取物、莫能霉素和苹果酸对小麦粉的肉牛瘤胃体外发酵的影响效果。试验采用体外产气量法进行。瘤胃液供体动物为3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的本地黄牛,发酵底物为小麦粉。试验设3个处理组:毛茛科植物提取物组(200mg/L)、莫能霉素组(5mg/L)和苹果酸组(10mmol/L),对照组不添加调控剂。结果表明,各处理组之间小麦粉DM降解率差异不显著(P=0.06),活体外24h产气量、理论最大产气量、产气速率和产气延滞期差异极显著(P<0.01)。植物提取物处理组能明显提高发酵液pH,而莫能霉素和苹果酸处理组导致发酵液pH下降(P<0.05),不同处理组间各发酵时间点的发酵液中乳酸含量无显著差异(P>0.05)且均较低。各处理组之间的总挥发性脂肪酸产量无显著性差异(P>0.05),但各种挥发性脂肪酸的摩尔百分比例差异显著(P<0.05)。本试验中3个处理组均能明显改变小麦粉的体外发酵。与莫能霉素相比,提取物能明显提高小麦粉体外发酵液pH,增加总挥发性脂肪酸产量,改变各种挥发性脂肪酸的摩尔百分比例,而苹果酸处理对小麦粉体外发酵的调控效果不理想。     

NaCl胁迫对玉米自交系种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

[目的]为耐盐玉米自交系的选育和盐渍化土壤的开发利用提供理论依据。[方法]采用室内培养和盆栽试验,以5个骨干玉米自交系为材料,设置高盐（NaCl）和自来水2种处理,研究不同玉米自交系在盐胁迫下的种子萌发和幼苗植株形态变化。[结果]盐胁迫对玉米自交系种子萌发和幼苗植株形态有不同程度的不利影响,不同玉米自交系的耐盐性存在明显的基因型差异。5个自交系种子萌发的耐盐性由高到低依次为＂H92＂、＂A801＂、＂330＂、＂综31＂和＂黄C＂。总体而言,不同自交系的同一形态性状和同一自交系的不同形态性状的耐盐胁迫指数存在差异。[结论]综合分析盐胁迫下5大骨干自交系的形态特性,以＂H92＂的耐盐性最强,可作为耐盐基因型加以选择,＂A801＂和＂综31＂的耐盐性较强,而＂330＂和＂黄C＂对高盐最为敏感。此外,对玉米品种进行耐盐胁迫的遗传改良是可行的。