青海湖高寒沙区引进辽西樟子松治沙研究

通过引进东北辽西科尔沁沙地樟子松在青海湖斜麻沙区进行栽植试验,结果表明,引进的樟子松当年主顶芽平均生长高度达10.13 cm,侧顶芽生长高度平均达5.14 cm,平均顶芽生长达7.64 cm,苗木整体生长良好,当年成活率达到93%;经过长达6个多月寒冬,越冬成活率达80%,返青良好。     

红松无性系种子园与实生种子园种实性状观测

建立红松无性系种子园和实生种子园的实践证明:嫁接母树的结实株数、结实率、公顷产种量、种子千粒重等9项种实性状均优于实生母树,关键种实性状指标结实率、公顷产种量、出种率、种子千粒重、出仁率分别是实生母树的3.67倍、2.74倍、1.16倍、1.02倍和1.12倍.     

基于WebGIS的国家森林公园旅游信息系统构建

分析国家森林公园旅游的特点以及森林公园旅游信息系统建设的现状,介绍基于WebGIS技术开发国家森林公园旅游信息系统的技术优势和该系统的设计方法。以三爪仑国家森林公园为例,介绍WebGIS技术在国家森林公园旅游信息系统中的应用。通过该系统构建实现面向旅游爱好者的国家森林公园旅游信息交流和面向管理职能部门的信息管理功能。     

中国与孟中印缅经济走廊沿线国家木质林产品贸易前景分析

文中从贸易规模和贸易结构2个层面对中国与“孟中印缅经济走廊”沿线国家木质林产品贸易现状进行概述,运用贸易强度指数、贸易互补性指数、产业内贸易指数对中国与沿线各国木质林产品贸易联系进行分析。结果表明,中国与沿线各国木质林产品贸易规模处于逐年上升趋势,经贸联系也在逐年增强。中国应继续推进孟中印缅经济走廊建设,深化对沿线国家木质林产品贸易,实现区域林产品贸易和产业互利共赢。     

Spatial variability of O layer thickness and humus forms under different pine beech–forest transformation stages in NE Germany

Spatial variability of humus layer (O layer) thicknesses can have important impacts upon soil water dynamics, nutrient storage and availability, as well as plant growth. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the impact of forest‐transformation practices on the spatial variability of O layer thicknesses. The study focused on the Kahlenberg forest area (NE Germany) with stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) of different age structures that form a transformation chronosequence from pure Scots pine stands towards pure European beech stands. Topsoil profiles including both, the O layer and the uppermost humic mineral soil horizon were excavated at intervals of 0.4 m along 15–20 m long transects, and spatial variability of O layer thicknesses was quantified by variogram analysis. The correlation lengths of total O layer thickness increased in the sequence consisting of pure pine stand (3.1 m) → older mixed stand (3.7 m) → pure beech stand (4.5 m), with the exception of the younger mixed stand, for which no correlation lengths of total O layer thickness could be determined. The degree of spatial correlation, i.e., the percentage of the total variance which can be described by variograms, was highest for the two monospecies stands, whereas this percentage was distinctly lower for the two mixed stands. A similar minimum for the two mixed stands was observed for the correlation lengths of the Oh horizon. These results suggest that the spatial structures of forest‐transformation stands may be interpreted in terms of a disturbance (in the form of the underplanting of beech trees). After this disturbance, the forest ecosystem requires at least 100 y to again reach relative equilibrium. These findings are in line with the results of other soil‐related investigations at these sites.     

Carbon dioxide exchange of a larch forest after a typhoon disturbance

A typhoon event catastrophically destroyed a 45-year-old Japanese larch plantation in southern Hokkaido, northern Japan in September 2004, and about 90% of trees were blown down. Vegetation was measured to investigate its regeneration process and CO₂ flux, or net ecosystem production (NEP), was measured in 2006–2008 using an automated chamber system to investigate the effects of typhoon disturbance on the ecosystem carbon balance. Annual maximum aboveground biomass (AGB) increased from 2.7 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2006 to 4.0 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2007, whereas no change occurred in annual maximum leaf area index (LAI), which was 3.7 m² m⁻² in 2006 and 3.9 m² m⁻² in 2007. Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) had become dominant within 2 years after the typhoon disturbance, and came to account for about 60% and 50% of AGB and LAI, respectively. In comparison with CO₂ fluxes measured by the eddy covariance technique in 2001–2003, for 4.5 months during the growing season, the sum of gross primary production (GPP) decreased on average by 739 gC m⁻² (64%) after the disturbance, whereas ecosystem respiration (RE) decreased by 501 gC m⁻² (51%). As a result, NEP decreased from 159 ± 57 gC m⁻² to −80 ± 30 gC m⁻², which shows that the ecosystem shifted from a carbon sink to a source. Seasonal variation in RE was strongly correlated to soil temperature. The interannual variation in the seasonal trend of RE was small. Light-saturated GPP (P_max) decreased from 30–45 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ to 8–12 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ during the summer season through the disturbance because of large reduction in LAI.     

辽宁省集体林权纠纷调处问题及对策

介绍了辽宁省集体林权纠纷调处主要做法,指出了目前林权纠纷调处过程中存在的问题,并对这些问题提出了一些对策。     

古田山国家自然保护区常绿阔叶林植物物种多样性研究

分析了古田山自然保护区常绿阔叶林植物区系和物种多样性.结果表明:古田山自然保护区常绿阔叶林植物种类十分丰富,计有维管束植物64科114属198种(含变种),其中蕨类植物7科8属19种,裸子植物2科2属2种,被子植物55科104属177种.种子植物区系成分复杂,具有较高的热带成分比例.不同群落类型其物种多样性不同,4种常绿阔叶林群落类型中以栲树林物种多样性最高,甜槠-木荷林物种多样性最低.在群落垂直结构中,除钩栗林外,灌木层→乔木层→草本层物种多样性依次降低.乔木层与灌木层的物种多样性指数差异不显著,而乔木层、灌木层的物种多样性指数均显著大于草本层.     

退化第四纪红粘土重建森林恢复27年后群落多样性及稳定性研究

以严重退化第四纪红粘土为研究对象,选择7种模式重建森林恢复27a后的群落多样性及稳定性进行研究,结果表明不同重建模式27a后群落Marglef丰富度指数R为封育马尾松林分>谷坊马尾松林分>竹节沟湿地松林分>种草竹节沟马尾松林分>无谷坊马尾松林分>竹节沟马尾松林分>强烈干扰马尾松林分,而Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H、Simpson优势度指数P和Pielou均匀度指数J均表现为封育马尾松林分、种草竹节沟马尾松林分、竹节沟湿地松林分较大,而竹节沟马尾松林分、谷坊马尾松林分、无谷坊马尾松林分较小。群落稳定性大小顺序为竹节沟马尾松林分>无谷坊马尾松林分>谷坊马尾松林分>封育马尾松林分>种草竹节沟马尾松林分>竹节沟湿地松林分。     

太湖上游西苕溪近岸森林土壤氮磷养分差异特征

近岸森林土壤受到河水涨落等自然侵蚀和人类活动的双重扰动,增加了土壤养分流失威胁,从而增大了下游河流和湖泊富营养化的风险,影响森林作为河岸缓冲带作用的发挥。对河岸森林土壤养分的研究,可为河岸森林树种的选取、河岸带建设、经营与管理等提供依据。以太湖上游的西苕溪两岸1km范围内的森林为研究对象,选择典型竹林、经济林、纯林和混交林样地34块,分层采集土壤样品,实验室测定有效磷、碱解氮、全氮和全磷等养分含量,利用变异系数分析不同森林类型和不同深度土层中养分含量的变异性,并且采用单因素方差分析和多重比较的方法分析土壤养分含量在不同森林类型间同一深度土层的差异性。结果表明,竹林土壤有效磷、碱解氮、全氮和全磷均具有较高的变异性,经济林土壤中的有效磷和全氮的变异较大,纯林和混交林土壤养分的变异性总体上较低;土壤有效磷、碱解氮和全氮平均含量在不同林型中都表现为0-10cm〉10-30cm〉30-50cm,即随着土层的加深养分含量降低;土壤有效磷含量竹林显著高于纯林,不同土层竹林与经济林的碱解氮含量显著高于纯林和混交林的;经济林的全氮含量较其他林型的较低,而全磷的含量却较高。