三明地区马尾松人工林经营密度研究

针对本地区马尾松林分由于受诸多因素影响而分化严重的现象,为提高马尾松林分的质量,开展马尾松林合理的经营密度研究.试验结果表明,马尾松林分其冠幅与胸径生长呈显著正相关,运用冠幅与胸径的相关规律,推算马尾松林不同生长发育阶段适宜的密度指标,并以此指导适时进行抚育间伐,调整林分密度,改善林分生境条件,促进林木生长.     

杉木、马尾松轮作对林地土壤肥力和林木生长的影响

研究了杉木、马尾松人工林轮作对林地土壤肥力和林木生长的影响。结果表明：与连作相比，轮作林分土壤微生物数量增多，酶活性增强、土壤酚类物质减少、土壤酸度降低，盐基总量和盐基饱和度提高以及土壤有效养分增加，并由此导致了林分生长量的提高。轮作林分土壤肥力提高，林分生长量增加的实质在于：人工林林分实施轮作后，由于后茬植物与前茬植物种类的不同导致土壤微生物种类和数量增多，土壤生物活性增强，并由此而导致土壤酸度降低，有毒物质减少，速效养分增加。     

马尾松林阔叶化改造的目标和方法探讨

根据马尾松林的群落结构,将马尾松林划分成以下8个主要类型:马尾松-木荷混交林、马尾松-枫香混交林、马尾松-木荷复层林、马尾松-白栎复层林、马尾松-连蕊茶复层林、马尾松-檵木复层林、马尾松-芒萁复层林、马尾松-白茅复层林.鉴于生态与经济协调发展,马尾松林的阔叶化改造目标拟定位在以阔叶树种为主要种群结构的近自然的阔松混交林.阔叶化改造的方法应围绕目标林分实行分类指导,分别采用封育、留养抚育、适度透光间伐、适当清理林下灌木、补植木荷等目的树种等改造方法,以供参考应用.     

抗生素对火炬松的器官发生植株再生的影响(英文)

本文研究了氨苄青霉素、羧苄青霉素和头孢霉素等3种抗生素对火炬松愈伤组织的生长和分化及不定芽生根的影响。结果表明,头孢霉素最有利于愈伤组织的诱导和生长,羧苄青霉素最有利于芽的分化,氨苄青霉素降低了不定芽的生根频率。所有试验的3种抗生素提高愈伤组织的形成和芽再生,但降低了芽的生根频率。这些结果表明,选择合适的抗生素对优化火炬松遗传转化体系有重要作用。图3表4参25。     

辐射松引种栽培综述

辐射松(PinusradiataD.Don)原产于加利弗尼亚海岸,被引种到世界各地,现在是南半球主要的人工林造林树种。1990年以来辐射松被引种到长江上游四川省阿坝州的干旱河谷地区,幼树的成活和早期生长表现良好。本文的主要内容包括:辐射松在原产地和引种地的生长情况,种源和遗传上的差异,环境限制因子和辐射松的气候生境,病虫害,引种不成功的经验教训以及辐射松在生态恢复中的应用。文中还简述了辐射松在阿坝干旱河谷地区的早期生长情况,列举了在长江上游干旱河谷地区引种辐射松可能遇到的问题以及所需开展的研究。图4表5参90。     

马尾松中龄施肥木材密度和干缩率的研究

选用广西马尾松龄施肥材料（连续观测13年），根据国际《木材物理力学试验方法》，研究了施肥对木材密度和干缩率的影响，结果表明：N、P、K三要素中，以N、P肥对木材密度和干缩率的影响较大。⑴总的来说P增加木材密度和干缩率，N肥降低木材密度木材干缩率。N、P肥降低木材差异干缩。施K肥对木材密度和干缩率的影响规律性不明显。⑵N、P、K施肥对木材密度和干缩率的影响及其变化程度，与肥种、施肥量、树干部位、木纹方向、气干或全干状态有关。施P肥木材密度具有增加的趋势，而且树干下部基本密度方差分析各处理间差异显著。N、K肥对木材密度的影响，规律性不明显。P肥使木材干缩率增加，P肥主要增加的是全干干缩率和径向气干干缩率，特别是树干下部径向气干干缩率各处理间差异显著。K肥对干缩率的影响规律性不明显，有待进一步研究。⑶为了保证木材质量，对于纤维用材林，主要施P肥；对于结构用材林，可施P肥，适当考虑N肥、K肥施用应慎重。     

Customer adapted grading of Scots pine sawn timber using a multivariate method

To define new grading rules, or to customize the ones in use in a rule-based automatic grading (RBAG) system of boards, is a time-consuming job for a sawmill engineer. This has the effect that changes are rarely made. The objective of this study was to continue the development of a method that replaces the calibration of grading rule settings by a holistic-subjective automatic grading, using multivariate models. The objective was also to investigate if this approach can improve sawmill profitability and at the same time have a satisfied customer. For the study, 323 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) boards were manually graded according to the preferences of an important customer. That is, a customer that regularly purchases significant volumes of sawn timber. This manual grading was seen as reference grading in this work. The same boards were also scanned and graded by a RBAG system, calibrated for the same customer. Multivariate models for prediction of board grade based on aggregated knot variables, obtained from the scanning, were calibrated using partial least squares regression. The results show that prediction of board grades by the multivariate models were more correct, with respect to the manual grading, than the grading by the RBAG system. The prediction of board grades based on multivariate models resulted in 76–87% of the boards graded correctly, according to the manual grading, while the corresponding number was 63% for the RBAG system.     

元宝枫等3个树种枝干水容特征

对元宝枫、油松、侧柏等3个树种枝条和树干水容特征进行了研究.结果表明:3个树种枝条水容值的日变化均表现为自6:00开始先行递减,12:00或14:00后缓慢回升,直至18:00上升至一定数值,其季节变化为雨季大于旱季;3个树种树干水容值的日变化也表现为先降后升,但其季节变化为雨季小于旱季;树干水容要大于枝条水容,而且上部枝干水容的日变化较中下部的变化明显.树体枝干水容特征能很好地反映林木与环境水分的关系,对蒸腾耗水具有一定的调节作用.     

尾巨桉、马占相思和马尾松人工林的土壤肥力比较

通过改进的内梅罗(Nemerow)综合指数对尾巨桉、马占相思、马尾松三种人工林的土壤肥力进行了综合评价,结果表明三种人工林A层土壤肥力综合指标值是尾巨桉>马占相思>马尾松,B层土壤肥力综合指标值是马占相思>马尾松>尾叶桉。综合分析表明尾巨桉林、马尾松林和马占相思林土壤肥力相差不大。     

Scion-rootstock relationships with respect to height growth and foliar concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in reciprocal grafts of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis

Both scion and rootstock clones significantly influenced scion elongation and concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the scion foliage. Scion clone was the more important determinant. Scion clone × rootstock clone interactions were not significant. The ability of a clone to elongate as a scion was not correlated with its capacity to promote or retard scion elongation when used as a rootstock. Genetic differences in foliar nutrient concentrations appeared to reflect levels of nutrient demand, rather than the ability of roots to absorb nutrients. Nutrient demand of the rootstock can also explain negative correlations between nitrogen levels in rootstock clones and levels of both nitrogen and phosphorus in the scions. There was no significant relationship between scion elongation and foliar nitrogen concentrations of either rootstock or scion. The weak relationship between scion elongation and concentration of phosphorus in the rootstock apparently resulted from tissue dilution.