Effect of high temperature heat treatment on pH value of Masson Pine wood

Heat-treated wood has good dimensional stability,corrosion resistance and visual quality,but it is prone to mold,which limits its application.Based on the pH value of heat-treated wood,this study examines the factors affecting the pathogenesis causing heat-treated wood mold.Normally,the pH value of the heat-treated wood is between 4.38 and 5.10,which is suitable for the growth of mold.However,the pH of the heat-treated copper-containing material is between 6.63 and 7.12,which deviates the treated wood from the comfortable growth conditions for the mold,thereby reducing the occurrence of mold.     

燕山山地油松人工林林隙特征研究

林隙特征(gap characteristics)是研究林隙的作用、影响以及动态变化规律的基础。研究工作以燕山山地新丰林场油松人工林为研究对象,采用样带法进行野外调查,分析了林隙的形成方式、形状、大小、年龄结构、边缘木等特征。结果表明:人工近熟油松林林隙的形成主要为抚育间伐和择伐等人为因素形成,自然形成的较为罕见;形状为近椭圆形,且林隙的形状与面积并无相关性;林隙的面积多集中在40～60m~2,所占数量比例和面积比例均为最大,分别为33.33%和22.22%;以高度为14～16m的林隙居多,略低于林分的平均高;发育后期的林隙及前期的林隙居多,分别占到林隙总数的40.00%和31.11%。     

长白山红松高产结实适宜区域的研究

针对红松适宜高产结实区域问题开展初步研究,结果表明:随海拔升高,球果平均重及种仁千粒重呈下降趋势,种皮厚度随海拔的升高而加厚;在同一海拔,随坡向的变化(阳坡、半阳坡、半阴坡、阴坡)球果平均重变化不显著,而种子千粒重及种仁千粒重则呈下降趋势。红松高产结实适宜区域应为海拔900 m以下、阳坡或半阳坡、中等土层厚度的典型暗棕壤、灰化暗棕壤区域。     

厦门城市森林马尾松宽带更新改造技术研究

厦门城市森林中马尾松劣质林分比例大,采用不同改造方式试验表明:宽带采伐更新改造效果较好,阔叶树种造林成活率高,幼林生长比较快,适宜阳性、强阳性和中性偏阳树种。且宽带更新改造技术较简单,可操作性强,便于推广应用。     

天台国清寺景区马尾松枯死的初步研究

经调查结果表明，天台县国清寺景区马尾松枯死的原因是，林分密度大、树种单一、松树生长衰弱、松墨天牛危害严重引起松树大量流脂导致逐渐枯死，但尚未发现松材线虫病危害。加强抚育管理，调整林分结构，培植阔叶树种，逐渐形成混交林，是国清寺景区风景林的发展方向。     

樟子松人工林的自毒作用

[目的]研究樟子松人工林的自毒作用,为樟子松人工林持续经营奠定技术基础。[方法]采用樟子松人工林下的表土、根际土、非根际土、地面枯落物的浸提液进行樟子松种子发芽试验,研究樟子松人工林是否存在自毒作用。[结果]樟子松不同浸提液中均存在抑制种子萌发的物质。根际土壤浸提液(1∶3)处理对樟子松种子活力指数、芽长、胚根长和幼茎长无显著影响;表土浸提液(1∶3)处理对幼茎长无显著影响,但对种子活力指数、芽长、胚根长具有显著抑制作用;非根际土浸提液(1∶3)处理除对胚根长无显著影响外,对种子活力指数、芽长、幼茎生长均有显著和极显著抑制作用;地面枯落物浸提液(1∶5)处理对胚根长有极显著的促进作用,对种子活力指数、芽长、幼茎长均有极显著的抑制作用。[结论]樟子松地面枯落物可能是其种子萌发及胚芽生长抑制物质的来源之一。     

风沙流频繁吹袭对樟子松幼苗光合水分代谢的影响

为了解风沙流频繁吹袭对樟子松幼苗光合水分代谢的影响,2013年在内蒙古科尔沁沙地研究了0（对照）,6,9,12,15和18 m／s 等6个风速处理风沙流（风沙流强度相应为1．00,28．30,63．28,111．82和172．93 g／cm·min）4次吹袭下3龄樟子松幼苗光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率等指标的变化规律。结果表明,1）频繁的风沙流吹袭,可以改变樟子松幼苗蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间 CO2浓度和水分利用效率的日变化规律,但对光合速率日变化规律影响较小;2）随着风沙流强度的增加,其叶片相对含水量、叶面温度和日均光合速率、日均水分利用效率趋于下降,18 m／s 处理和对照相比分别下降4．6％,1．8％,52．6％和56．3％;日均蒸腾速率、日均气孔导度和胞间 CO2浓度趋于增加,18 m／s 处理和对照相比分别增加31．6％,75．0％和30．9％;3）随着风沙流强度的增加,其日最大光合速率和日最大水分利用效率趋于下降,日最大胞间 CO2浓度趋于增加,15 m／s 以下风沙流吹袭其日最大蒸腾速率降低,15 m／s 以上风沙流吹袭其日最大蒸腾速率显著增加;4）在风沙流吹袭下,樟子松光合能力的降低主要源于叶片含水量和叶片温度的下降以及叶片的机械损伤,而蒸腾速率的增加主要源于气孔导度的大幅度提升。     

Susceptibility evaluation of Picea abies and Cupressus lusitanica to the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

Pine wilt disease (PWD), recently introduced into Europe, is caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and is a devastating illness that affects mainly pine trees. It is known that the PWN is capable of infecting other conifers; however, there is currently no information on which other plant species may be susceptible to PWD. In this study, the potential susceptibility of two common species of European forests, Picea abies and Cupressus lusitanica, to PWN was assessed through the monitoring of visual external symptoms, dimension and localization of the nematode population in stems, quantification of total chlorophyll, total soluble phenolics and lignin, at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after inoculation. The degree of susceptibility was established through the comparison of symptoms with Pinus pinaster, a well‐known PWN host. Furthermore, the stem ultrastructure of P. abies, C. lusitanica and Pn. pinaster was analysed by scanning electron microscopy. The results suggest that P. abies and C. lusitanica are resistant to PWN, and that lignin biosynthesis in these species is affected at an early stage of the infestation. Nevertheless, P. abies seems to be a compatible host that could act as a repository for PWN.     

樟子松栗钙土造林效果初探

以樟子松4 a生容器苗在栗钙土上进行造林,采用每年2、2、2、1、1次连续抚育5 a,结果表明:当年成活率达到95.8%,3 a保存率为86.3%,最终保存率为81.2%,高于国家规定16个百分点;11 a生树高总高度为316.4 cm,未发现有病虫危害,长势良好。     

Trends of tree growth in Swedish forests 1953–1992: An analysis based on sample trees from the national forest inventory

Average tree height and basal area growth for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in Sweden were studied as functions of species, age, stand density, location and year of inventory in the period 1953–1992, on the basis of sample tree data from the National Forest Inventory. A highly significant annual increase of both height and basal area growth was found, of the magnitude 0.5–0.8%, during the 40 yr period. Possible reasons for the trend are discussed. The altered way of cutting in the early 1950s, from selective cutting to clear felling and thinning from below, has had a large impact. Also, improved regeneration methods, nitrogen fertilization and ditching have increased growth. The increasing atmospheric deposition of nitrogen is another possible factor.