北美蓝云杉愈伤组织的诱导和培养

以北美蓝云杉休眠芽、针叶、嫩茎为外植体,用0.1%HgCl2处理10～15 min消毒效果最好.在1/2LM 2,4-D(0.5～3.0mg/L以下单位相同) 6-BA(1.0～2.0)条件下,均能诱导出愈伤组织,休眠芽诱导率最高为77.36%.且以休眠芽诱导的愈伤组织在1/2LM NAA(0.5) 6-BA(1.0) IBA(0.1)能分化出少量针叶和芽.针叶和茎产生的愈伤组织增殖困难,继代培养后很快褐化.     

红松、刺楸人工针阔混交林物种多样性研究

通过对红松、刺楸人工混交林,红松纯林物种多样性的研究,结果表明,红松、刺楸混交林物种丰富度最大,植物种类最多,红松纯林仅为混交林的43%,总数量为混交林的32%,红松、刺楸混交林乔木层多样性指数为1.430 5,均匀度指数为0.687 9,优势度指数为0.290 6,丰富度指数为1.413 7,而红松纯林多样性指数、均匀度指数均为0,优势度指数为1,丰富度指数为0.371 2。在灌木层中,混交林与纯林各项指标区别不大,只有丰富度指数为混交林(纯林。在草本层中,混交林各项指数基本都大于纯林,只有均匀度指数红松纯林(混交林。     

Rejuvenation of juvenile growth characters in picea abies

Cuttings were made from six‐year‐old seedlings of Picea abies L. (Karst.) that had been studied in the Stockholm phytotron. The seedlings belonged to four full‐sib families, one being of French origin, one of North‐Swedish origin and two being hybrids between parents of North‐Swedish and French origin. Nine clones from each family were included. After the rooting phase, the cuttings were exposed to the same cultivation regimes as the seedling ortets. Characteristics of growth rhythm, percentage free growth and leader length were recorded during the 2nd to the 5th growth period (GP). Plagiotropic growth habit was recorded in the 3rd to the 5th growth period, and, characteristics of the rooting phase were studied. A juvenile behaviour very similar to that characterizing growth periods 2–3 of the seedlings was observed for growth rhythm characteristics and for free growth capacity during GP2 of the cuttings. The absolute value of the differences between each observation of the seedling ortets in GP6 and the means of the cuttings in GP2 produced a new variable that quantified the degree of rejuvenation. This new variable was meaningfully calculated only for growth rhythm and growth pattern variables. A gradual reversion of the growth rhythm occurred for the cuttings, which corresponded to the change with increasing age for the seedlings. The capacity for free growth, on the contrary, disappeared already in GP3 for the cuttings, except for the French family. A large variation in the rejuvenation ability between families was observed. Furthermore, the rejuvenation ability was negatively correlated with the ability to grow plagiotropically.     

天山西部云杉林群落数量分类与排序

[目的]研究植物群落的数量分类和排序,分析植物群落与环境之间的关系,为新疆天山云杉林保护、天山西部山区森林群落更新恢复评价提供支撑.[方法]以天山西部国有林管理局巩留分局恰西森林公园为试验点,天山云杉(Picea schrenkiana var tianschanica)林为研究对象,基于群落学调查和环境因子测定数据,...     

Effects of repeated urea doses on soil chemistry and nutrient pools in a Norway spruce stand

Pools of macro-nutrients in soil and vegetation were studied in an old fertilization experiment with a large previous input of N. Different doses of N, in the form of urea, had been added four times during a 20-year period. In total, between 480 and 2400 kg N ha⁻¹ had been given. The experiment was established in a relatively productive Norway spruce stand and the expectation was that the large N input would cause an accelerated leaching of N, especially nitrate, accompanied by soil acidification and losses of several nutrients. The aim was to test for possible residual effects. Thirteen years after the last N addition, samples from the aboveground part of trees, field layer, S-layer, humus layer and mineral soil (0–10 cm) were analyzed for concentrations of most major nutrients. Nutrient pools were calculated. In the humus layer, the concentration of N increased and the C/N-ratio decreased with increasing N dose. The calculated recovery of added N in soil including ground vegetation was complete for the lowest N dose, while it was 25–50% for higher doses. The amount of N retained was unaffected by the N dose. The amount of extractable P in the upper part of the mineral soil was negatively correlated with N dose, as was also the concentration of total P in the S-layer. Neither soil pH, nor concentrations or amounts of Ca, Mg and K were affected by the previous fertilization. The calculated total soil-plant pool was only influenced by N dose in the case of P, which was 20% lower at the highest N dose compared with unfertilized conditions. Despite the large extra N input, the nutritional changes in plants and soil of the actual study site seemed surprisingly small.     

青海云杉种实害虫危害情况及综合治理调查分析

青海云杉的种实害虫有十几种，危害严重的有三种，即云杉球果小卷蛾、云杉蛀果斑螟和云杉梢斑螟，主要发生在甘肃祁连山林区。本文经过调查，根据青海云杉和种实害虫的生物学特性，提出加强青海云杉林的经营管理，尽量减少广谱性化学药剂的大面积使用；尽可能多的应用营林技术为主的、不杀伤天敌的防治措施，以达到青海云杉种实害虫综合治理的良性循环；并提出青海云杉种实害虫综合治理的策略、原则以及评价青海云杉种实害虫综合治理的步骤和方法。     

吉林省天然红松居群表型变异分析及多样性研究

  目的  为揭示天然红松居群的表型分化程度及变异模式,以吉林省的6个天然红松居群为研究对象,  方法  采用方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析及多性状综合评价等方法对红松居群的13个表型性状（针叶性状和种实性状）进行系统分析和综合评价。  结果  （1）除针叶束粗/针叶厚在居群间差异未达显著水平外,其余性状在居群内和居群间均达极显著差异水平（ P < 0.01）。（2）在居群间红松的平均表型分化系数为59.33%,其变异大于群体内（40.67%）。（3）6个居群的平均表型变异系数为11.30%,针叶性状和种实性状的表型变异系数依次为针叶性状（14.56%） > 球果性状（10.48%） > 种子性状（5.87%）。（4）主成分分析结果表明,红松居群表型多样性基本来源为针叶性状 > 种子性状 > 球果性状。（5）利用欧氏距离对红松居群进行聚类分析,将红松6个居群划分为3大类群,分别为P1与P6、P3与P5、P2与P4。（6）利用多性状综合评价法,分别以种实性状（种长、种宽、百粒质量和球果质量）和针叶性状（针叶长、针叶宽、针叶厚、针叶束粗）对天然红松居群进行评价,分别筛选出1个居群。  结论  红松居群具有中等的表型多样性,居群间和居群内均存在丰富的表型变异,研究结果为今后红松种质资源的保护和利用提供基础,为红松优良居群的构建提供材料。      

青海三江源区青海云杉育苗密度与经济效益初探

通过对三江源自然保护区青海云杉在不同育苗密度下生长状况的试验调查,以及经济效益的分析,结果表明:3 a生原床苗在密度为600万株/hm2时生长状况最佳,密度为900万株/hm2时经济效益最佳;6 a生移植苗在密度为180万株/hm2时生长状况最佳,密度为240万株/hm2时经济效益最佳。     

红皮云杉叶锈病病原菌的研究

红皮云杉叶锈病发生在小兴安岭林区,该林区的地理位置是48°～48°43′N,12°23′～130°19′E,总面积 51.8万 ha(包括东风、新青林业局)。此病害过去仅危害过伐林下层的幼龄林木,不引起人们的重视。但近年来已扩展到5～10年生的人工林木及林间苗圃的苗木上,严重地影响云杉人工林的生长量和苗木产量,给林业生产造成较大的损失(图版Ⅰ-1)。为此从1984～1986年开展了本项试验,现将有关病原菌接种试验和生活史部分的研究结果报道如下。     

青海云杉群落优势种群空间格局多样性研究

在青海云杉群落中用GPS定位设置样地16个、样方256个,研究甘肃祁连山林区青海云杉林优势种的空间分布格局。结果表明:青海云杉群落优势种的空间分布格局为集群分布;不同类型以及同一类型在不同的海拔高度的格局类型不尽相同,草类—青海云杉林逼近泊松分布,苔藓—青海云杉林有逼近泊松分布的趋势,混交林和其他类型为集群分布;不同类型优势种群的集群强度依次为:青海云杉混交林>灌木—青海云杉林>马先蒿—青海云杉林>苔藓—青海云杉林>草类—青海云杉林。苔藓—青海云杉林中优势种群在2 777～2 800 m为显著均匀分布,2 830～3 050 m为显著集群分布;草类—青海云杉林中优势种群在2 660～2 680 m为均匀分布,3 050～3 110 m为显著集群分布;混交林中青海云杉种群随海拔升高,集群强度增大,始终为显著集群分布;灌木—青海云杉林在低海拔(2 730 m)为均匀分布,在高海拔(2 880 m)为集群分布。青海云杉群落的进展演替过程依次为:青海云杉混交林、灌木—青海云杉林、草类—青海云杉林、马先蒿—青海云杉林、苔藓—青海云杉林。