Condensation reactions of phenolic resins V: cure-acceleration effects of propylene carbonate

Propylene carbonate (PC) is known as one of the cure accelerators for alkaline phenol–formaldehyde resins. To elucidate the cure-acceleration mechanisms, the effects of PC on the condensation reactions of monomeric hydroxymethylphenols (HMPs) were investigated and compared with those of PC hydrolysate, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) and ethyl formate. Immediately after the reaction started, PC, decomposing itself simultaneously, accelerated the formation of the ortho-para methylene-bonded dimer of 2,4,6-trihydroxymethylphenol. This effect of PC was very similar to that of ethyl formate. To the contrary, PC hydrolysate accelerated the formation of the para-para methylene-bonded dimer throughout the course of the reaction. This effect of PC hydrolysate was identical to that of NaHCO₃. These results indicate that PC increases the reactivity of the ortho-hydroxymethyl group, presumably through transesterification. On the other hand, NaHCO₃ is formed by the hydrolysis of PC or decomposition of the transesterified HMPs and it increases the reactivity of the para-hydroxymethyl group.     

苹果浑汁贮藏期间沉淀物的研究

采用HPLC和SDS-PAGE以及GC等技术分析了贮藏120 d后的果汁沉淀物的成分,沉淀物中酚类物质和蛋白质的性质。结果表明:果汁沉淀物以蛋白质为主,还含有碳水化合物、酚类(表儿茶素、绿原酸、单宁等)、5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)等Vc降解产物,成分很复杂。沉淀物主要是由果汁中原有的颗粒聚集长大下沉产生。     

促生菌CH1对黄瓜酚类物质代谢的影响及与抗猝倒病的关系

为研究植物生长促生细菌CH1(Brevibacillus brevis)诱导黄瓜对猝倒病的抗性的作用机制,采用生理生化的方法,测定了黄瓜根部酚类物质代谢中苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性动态及阿魏酸、绿原酸、木质素、总酚、类黄酮含量变化。结果表明,病原菌(Pythium aphanidermatum)感染时,经CH1处理的植株根部PAL和PPO活性都明显高于未经CH1处理的,同时,经CH1处理的植株根部阿魏酸、绿原酸、木质素、总酚和类黄酮含量都高于未经CH1处理的。说明CH1是通过提高黄瓜植株体内酚类物质代谢的酶活性来激发酚类物质的积累,从而诱导黄瓜对猝倒病产生抗性。     

顶端调控措施对烤烟叶片多酚氧化酶活性和酚类化合物含量的影响

[目的]为改进烟叶品质提供参考依据。[方法]以云烟87为供试品种,设置6个处理:T1不打顶;T2打顶;T3打顶+追施硫酸钾肥;T4打顶+涂抹生长素1次;T5打顶+追施硫酸钾肥+涂抹生长素1次;T6打顶+追施硫酸钾肥+涂抹生长素2次,分析不同顶端调控措施对烤烟叶片多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性和酚类化合物含量的影响。[结果]随着生育时期的延长,PPO活性呈现先升高后下降的趋势,不打顶处理的PPO活性峰值出现较早,打顶处理的PPO活性峰值明显延迟,在成熟期,各处理的PPO活性高低顺序为:T6>T5>T3>T4>T2>T1。各处理的酚类化合物含量则随生育时期的延长逐渐升高,在成熟期的高低顺序为:T3>T2>T5>T4>T6>T1。打顶后在茎断面涂抹生长素并辅施硫酸钾肥,能使烤烟叶片的PPO活性升高,酚类化合物含量适当降低。在打顶后20d之前,酚类化合物含量与PPO活性的相关系数为0.826**,打顶20d后,二者的相关系数为-0.268。[结论]打顶后在茎断面涂抹生长素,并辅施硫酸钾肥,可增强PPO活性,提高大田烟叶质量。     

Activated carbon amendments to soil alters nitrification rates in Scots pine forests

The influence of charcoal on biotic processes in soils remains poorly understood. Charcoal is a natural product of wildfires that burned on a historic return interval of ∼100 years in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests of northern Sweden. Fire suppression and changes in forest stand management have resulted in a lack of charcoal production in these ecosystems. It is thought that charcoal may alter N mineralization and nitrification rates, however, previous studies have not been conclusive. Replicated field studies were conducted at three late-succession field sites in northern Sweden and supporting laboratory incubations were conducted using soil humus collected from these sites. We used activated carbon (AC), as a surrogate for natural-occurring fire-produced charcoal. Two rates of AC (0 and 2000 kg ha⁻¹), and glycine (0 and 100 kg N as glycine ha⁻¹) were applied in factorial combination to field microplots in a randomized complete block pattern. Net nitrification, N mineralization, and free phenol concentrations were measured using ionic and non-ionic resin capsules, respectively. These same treatments and also two rates of birch leaf litter (0 and 1000 kg ha⁻¹) were applied in a laboratory incubation and soils from this incubation were extracted with KCl and analyzed for NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻. Nitrification rates increased with AC amendments in laboratory incubations, but this was not supported by field studies. Ammonification rates, as measured by NH₄⁺ accumulation on ionic resins, were increased considerably by glycine applications, but some NH₄⁺ was apparently lost to surface sorption to the AC. Phenolic accumulation on non-ionic resin capsules was significantly reduced by AC amendments. We conclude that charcoal exhibits important characteristics that affect regulating steps in the transformation and cycling of N.     

HPLC测定银线草中酚酸的含量

[目的]采用HPLC方法测定不同部位不同采收季节银线草中酚酸类含量.[方法]采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Phenomenex C18(250mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相甲醇-0.1％甲酸线性梯度洗脱,流速为0.8 ml/min;检测波长323 nm,柱温25℃.[结果]银线草中迷迭香酸、反丁烯二酸、绿原酸在测定范围内线性关系较好(r≥0.999 1),平均回收率为97.5％ ～ 105.1％;不同部位不同采收季节银线草酚酸类含量存在一定差异.[结论]该方法操作简便、定量准确、重现性好,可用于银线草中酚酸类含量的测定.     

酚醛胶刨花板最佳工艺的研究

通过Ｌ９（３＾４）、Ｌ４（２＾３）两次正交试验和单因子分析的试验，得出了压制１２ｍｍ厚酚醛胶刨花板的最佳工艺条件。该条件下压制刨花板性能均达到原西德ＤＩＮ６８７６３中规定的标准。     

酚醛树脂的改性

用ＤＳＣ分析技术研究了改性树脂的固化过程，确定了最佳固化温度。且发现随甲醛／苯酚的用量摩尔比增加。固化温度有下降的趋势；对改性树脂进行了力学性能测试，同时与普通酚醛树脂进行了比较。结果表明，实验合成的改性树脂的粘结性及柔性性较普通酚醛树脂有明显改善。     

瓜环对卷烟主流烟气中挥发性酚类的吸附作用

采用超高效液相色谱考察瓜环Q[5]、Q[6]、Q[8]及混合瓜环Q[n]对卷烟主流烟气中挥发性酚类化合物的吸附截留作用。结果表明:Q[8]及Q[n]对酚类具有显著截留作用,在用量为20 mg时,对总酚的吸附率分别达到26.4%和44.5%;瓜环对主流烟气中单酚的吸附效率高于双酚,对o-甲酚的吸附效果最佳。     

Iridoid, phenylethanoid and flavonoid glycosides from Sideritis trojana

From the MeOH extract of Sideritis trojana, a new iridoid glycoside, 10-O-(E)-feruloylmelittoside (1) was obtained in addition to four known iridoid glycosides [melittoside (2), 10-O-(E)-p-coumaroylmelittoside (3), stachysosides E (4) and G (5)]. Moreover, five phenylethanoid glycosides [verbascoside (6), isoacteoside (7), lamalboside (8), leonoside A (9), isolavandulifolioside (10), three flavone glycosides (isoscutellarein 7-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (11), 4'-O-methyisoscutellarein 7-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (12), 3'-hydroxy-4'-O-methyisoscutellarein 7-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (13) and a benzylalcohol derivative (di-O-methylcrenatin) were obtained and identified. The structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and HRMS data. All compounds were tested for their antioxidant activity by in vitro TEAC assay and some of them exhibited moderate activity (0.97-1.44 mM) when compared with the reference compound (quercetin 1.86 mM). Glycosides 6-13, the most active compounds in the TEAC assay, were also tested by flow cytometry to evaluate their ability to affect the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human prostate cancer cells (PC3).