张家口市粮饲兼用型玉米新品种筛选试验报告

通过2004、2005年田间区域试验,结果表明巡试616、万佳14、张玉370、纪元16、春玉3号,作为粮饲兼用型玉米品种,适宜在张家口坝下地区推广种植.     

浒苔降解菌的筛选及发酵条件优化

本文以具有腐烂病状的浒苔为样品,从中筛选分离得到产浒苔降解酶的海洋微生物菌株X-5,同时对菌株X 5生长特性、最适发酵条件进行了研究.通过单因素实验确定菌株X 5产浒苔降解酶的最适发酵条件为:浒苔浓度为2.5％;氯化铵浓度为0.8％;NaCl浓度为3％;在接种量7％,26℃下恒温培养时间60 h,获得菌株酶活力最高.     

三种农用抗生素降解真菌的筛选及其降解性能

为了从重金属污染的土壤中分离筛选出能降解土霉素、诺氟沙星、磺胺二甲嘧啶的真菌菌株,利用抗生素作为唯一碳源进行抗生素降解真菌富集驯化培养,分离纯化耐受真菌,将纯化后的菌株回接到以抗生素作为唯一碳源的液体培养基中,运用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）及紫外分光光度法对各菌株抗生素降解能力进行检测,并通过菌落形态学特征、ITS序列和系统发育树对菌株进行分子鉴定。筛选到4株抗生素降解真菌KS248、KS256、KS257、KS272,分别鉴定为轮状镰刀菌（Fusarium verticillioides）、腐皮镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）、聚多曲霉（Aspergillus sydowii）、微紫青霉（Penicillium janthinellum）。其中,菌株KS248、KS256、KS257具有土霉素、诺氟沙星、磺胺二甲嘧啶降解能力;菌株KS272具有土霉素、诺氟沙星降解能力。在抗生素初始浓度1500 μg·L^-1、30℃、150 r·min^-1条件下避光培养7 d后,菌株KS272降解土霉素、诺氟沙星能力最强,降解率分别达到40.29%、10.59%,菌株KS256降解磺胺二甲嘧啶能力最强,降解率达到18.53%。筛选出的菌株均具有2种及以上抗生素降解能力,对抗生素的降解率从高到低依次为土霉素、诺氟沙星、磺胺二甲嘧啶,且随着抗生素浓度增加,菌株对各抗生素降解能力有不同程度的削弱。     

两系杂交粳稻产量性状优势形成分析

采用程氏指数对两系杂交组合亲本及其杂种F1进行分类,对杂种F1产量性状与亲本及杂种F1程氏指数,杂种F1产量性状与父本产量性状进行相关分析。结果表明,偏粳×粳、偏粳×偏粳的组合杂种F1为偏粳类型。杂种F1每穗总粒数表现与双亲程氏指数差呈显著正相关,同时也受到父本性状值的影响。     

不同品系欧洲报春的抗寒性研究

在不同低温处理下,分别对引进的3个品系欧洲报春叶片和花进行相对电导率及游离脯氨酸含量测定,分析其抗寒性的差异,结果表明:3个品系的欧洲报春花叶片伤害度、半致死温度和游离脯氨酸含量变化较为相符,其叶片和花的耐寒性强弱为:丹若娃的叶片>里拉的叶片>妃纯的叶片;妃纯的花>丹若娃的花>里拉的花,与其在露地栽培中观察到的结果相符。     

New severe strains of Melon necrotic spot virus: symptomatology and sequencing

New strains of Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV), designated MNSV-YS and MNSV-KS, caused much more severe growth retardation on melon plants than MNSV-NH, which was previously reported as the most severe strain of MNSV in Japan. MNSV-YS spread much more quickly than MNSV-NH in infected plants, and induced more severe growth retardation, even though the appearance of necrotic lesions on inoculated cotyledons was much slower. MNSV-KS had properties intermediate between those of the other two strains. The results suggest that faster-spreading strains can multiply more rapidly as a result of lower levels of activity in inducing necrotic lesions in melon plants. The complete sequences of MNSV-YS and MNSV-KS were determined, and an RT–PCR–RFLP method based on these sequences was successfully developed to detect and discriminate between the three strains.     

Resistance of Capsicum species to tobacco,tomato and pepper strains of tobacco mosaic virus

A number ofCapsicum accessions including nine species were tested for resistance to TMV based on hypersensitivity. The tobacco strain MA and the tomato strain SPS, which were both isolated from tomato, and two pathogenically distinct pepper strains P 11 and P 8, were used. Of the 73Capsicum accessions tested 58 were resistant to MA and SPS, 31 were resistant to P 11 and five were resistant to P 8.Samenvatting Om verschillen in pathogeniteit tussen twee in Nederland voorkomende paprikastammen van het TMV nader vast te stellen, werd een aantalCapsicum-herkomsten, waaronder negen soorten, op resistentie getoetst. Hierbij werden de representatieve paprika-isolaten P 11 en P 8 vergeleken met de uit tomaat afkomstige isolaten MA en SPS als vertegenwoordigers van respectievelijk de tabaks- en tomatestam van het TMV. Bij het beoordelen van de symptomen duidden lokale, necrotische vlekken en afvallen van geïnoculeerde bladeren op resistentie, systemische necrosen of mozaïeksymptomen op vatbaarheid. In deze symptomen kwamen tussen de gebruikte stammen verschillen in virulentie tot uitdrukking. Er werden echter vooral verschillen in agressiviteit waargenomen met betrekking tot zowel afzonderlijke, voor resistentie uitsplitsende,Capsicum-herkomsten als het totale aantal getoetste herkomsten. Van de ruim 73 herkomsten waren er 58 resistent tegen MA en SPS, 31 daarvan tegen P 11, maar slechts vijf daarvan tegen P 8. Deze resistentie tegen P 8 werd gevonden inC. chinense.     

石河子地区犬细小病毒野毒株的PCR检测与遗传变异初步研究

为探索石河子地区的CPV野毒株是否发生遗传变异,本试验收集石河子地区自然发病犬及病死犬的粪便和组织,提取其病毒基因组,利用PCR技术对犬细小病毒VP2基因片段进行扩增,对扩增片段进行克隆和测序,并与不同地域流行株VP2基因进行比对,分析其差异。结果显示,本试验成功克隆了VP2基因,且序列分析结果显示一毒株存在14个点突变位点其和5个缺失位点,另一毒株存在7个突变位点。经基因型鉴定,野毒株的基因型均为CPV-2a型。     

白僵菌优良菌株的选育

本研究将所收集的28个菌株,用稀释单孢分离的方法,进行生长特征、生长速度、产孢量和室内外对松毛虫致病力的测定比较,以闽林2、闽林1、闽林3号菌株表现突出,为优良菌株。