原始云冷杉、红松林树木生长对氮沉降的响应

本文通过野外控制试验,设置4个梯度的施氮处理,分别为对照(CK,不加氮)、低氮(T_L,5 g/(m2·a))、中氮(T_M,10 g/(m2·a))、高氮(T_H,15 g/(m2·a)),研究云冷杉红松林主要树种的径生长对氮沉降增加的响应。结果表明,枫桦径生长随氮添加梯度的增加出现了先促进后抑制的趋势;臭冷杉和红松径生长随氮添加梯度的增加而受到抑制,其中臭冷杉表现出明显的衰退现象甚至死亡;花楷槭则表现出较为复杂的响应,可能与该树种对不同梯度氮添加的响应机制不同有关。同时还发现,各处理、各树种的胸径大小与径生长量存在相关性,可能与树种年龄及其所处的生态位相关。研究表明,氮沉降改变树木生长速率和死亡率,可能影响地上生态系统碳库和整个生态系统碳循环。      

优质杂交稻品比试验

为了选择合适的优质杂交水稻品种提供生产示范推广,2013年选用甬优9号、两优616、浙优18号、宜优673、中浙优1号5个品种进行品种比较试验,结果表明：供试品种产量均较高,且各有特长。     

基于DOM航空影像单木树冠提取

准确提取单木树冠边界是获取森林数量参数的重要基础,是高分辨率遥感图像林业应用的技术难题。基于DOM航空影像数据源,采用面向对象的方法对研究区内的2个树种的林分进行了单木树冠边界提取研究。首先利用桉树和杉木的空间分布矢量数据对DOM航空影像进行掩膜处理,在掩膜区域内进行多层次多尺度图像分割得到初步树冠分割结果,并剔除非树冠信息;再以树冠信息种子对象为基础,使用区域增长算法对树冠信息种子对象增长得到单木树冠范围;最后使用形态学滤波的方法优化单木树冠边界,完成林区内桉树和杉木两类树种的单木树冠边界提取。结果表明,由于不同树种的树冠存在尺度和形态差异,进行单木树冠分割时需要设置不同的参数才能到达较好的分割效果。本研究中桉树和杉木的单木树冠提取总体精度分别为86.75%与89.21%,可满足林业部门获取森林单木树冠的精度需求。     

提高湖南省杂交棉种质量水平的商榷

在市场经济迅速发展、种子生产、流通量不断增加和加入WTO的新形势下，充分提高湖南省棉种的质量水平，推动棉种产业化的健康发展，对农民增收、农村稳定具有重大的现实意义。本文简要介绍了提高湖南棉种质量水平的紧迫性和可行性。在此基础上提出了提高棉种质量水平促进产业化发展的几点建议。     

Allometric model of the height–diameter curve for even-aged pure stands of Japanese cedar (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>)

We derived an allometric model of the height–diameter curve for even-aged pure stands, which was a modification of the earlier model proposed by Inoue (2000a). An individual-dependent allometric equation was used as the height–diameter curve. Using the discriminant analysis method, all trees composed of a stand were stratified into upper and lower trees. It was assumed that both relationships between mean tree height H _m and upper tree height H _u and between mean DBH D _m and mean DBH of upper trees D _u could be described by the time-dependent allometric power equations. The height–diameter curve showed an average relationship between tree height and DBH of a given stand at a given time, and hence it could be assumed that the height–diameter curve contained two points (D _m , H _m ) and (D _u , H _u ). With these assumptions, we derived an allometirc model of height–diameter curve, which allowed the coefficients of the curve to be estimated from mean tree height and mean DBH. The proposed model was fitted to Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) data. The error ratio of the allometric model ranged from 2.254% to 13.412% (mean = 6.785%), which was significantly smaller than that of the earlier model. When the error of mean tree height was ±1.0 m or less, the effect of the error of mean tree height on the error ratio was comparatively small. This suggested that the error of ±1.0 m in mean tree height could be accepted in the estimation of height–diameter curve using the allometric model. These features enable us to combine the allometric model with Hirata’s vertical angle-count sampling or growth models. In conclusion, the allometric model would be one of the most practical and convenient approaches for estimating the height–diameter relationship of even-aged pure stands.     

基于三维技术的林地“一张图”树种库管理研究

以计算机图形学技术、虚拟树种建模技术和三维GIS技术为基础,通过树种建模、树种库建设、虚拟种树和与三维平台的集成等技术流程,实现了林地"一张图"树种库的大规模三维仿真模拟可视化展现,并对未来的研究方向作了进一步展望。     

用最大树种数测度森林群落树种丰富度

目的 试图给出确定森林群落树种丰富度的方法,解决物种丰富度测度问题,完善森林生物多样性研究的方法。 方法 采用Monod模型表达种-面积曲线,通过数学手段确定最小森林群落面积和最大树种数。 结果 用本研究提出的方法对不同气候带森林物种丰富度进行测算,结果表明：热带森林群落具有更高的最大树种数和更大的群落最小面积,物种丰富度随气候带由热带到寒温带逐渐减少。 结论 用最大树种数能够确切表达不同气候带森林群落树种丰富度,克服了现有研究中直接把不同大小调查面积上的树种数量视为树种丰富度的弊端。     

油桐的生产现状及其发展建议

油桐是原产我国的世界著名的工业油料树种。油桐在我国16个省、市、自治区有栽培分布,栽培分布范围广,品种资源丰富,结实早,产量高。简单介绍了油桐的资源分布、栽培与利用及其栽培的优势,并提出把油桐生产列入国家生物质能源发展的范畴、把油桐生产列入“十一五”规划项目、开展油桐作为生物柴油使用的试验研究、恢复原来的油桐研究会、迅速搜集保存油桐种质资源等建议。     

Genome-wide search for segregation distortion loci associated with the expression of complex traits in Populus tomentosa

Segregation distortion of molecular markers has been reported in a broad range of organisms. It has been detected in an interspecific BC1 Populus pedigree established by controlled crossing between clone “LM50” (Populus tomentosa) and its hybrid clone “TB01” (P. tomentosa×P. bolleana). The study with a total of 150 AFLP markers (approximately 18.9% of the total loci) exhibited significant deviation from the Mendelian ratio (1:1) (p<0.01). Twenty-five percent of the markers were mapped on the pa-rental specific genetic linkage maps of clones “LM50” and “TB01” with a pseudo-test-cross mapping strategy. Twelve linkage groups had markers with skewed segregation ratios, but the major regions were on linkage groups TLG2, TLG4 and TLG6 in the linkage map of clone “LM50”. We also analyzed the association between distorted loci and expression of complex traits with Map-maker/QTL software. A total of 16 putative QTLs affecting 12 traits were identified in the distorted regions on seven linkage groups. Therefore we could detect the distribution of skewed loci along the entire genome and identify the association between quantitative traits and segregation loci via genetic mapping in an interspecific BC1 P. tomentosa family. Furthermore, the genetic nature and pos-sible causes of these segregation distortions for differentiation between female and male parents were also discussed.     

车辆被动天棚阻尼悬架系统台架试验

为进一步改善悬架系统的隔振性能,开发了被动悬架系统,将理想天棚阻尼的被动实现方法应用于车辆悬架系统。基于"惯容.弹簧.阻尼"机械系统,构造被动天棚阻尼悬架系统,研制被动天棚阻尼悬架试验样机,将2级串联型的被动天棚阻尼悬架"对折",安装于试验用裸车的后部,替换原被动悬架,在四通道轮胎耦合道路模拟机上,对整车进行台架试验。试验结果表明:与传统被动悬架车辆相比,在1~3 Hz频率范围内,被动天棚阻尼悬架车辆左后车身加速度增益下降了37.5%,车辆质心垂直加速度均方根值下降12%左右,改善了车辆的低频频响特性,提高了车辆的乘坐舒适性。试验结果同时也验证了理想天棚阻尼被动实现方法的正确性和可行性。该研究为含惯容器的新型被动悬架系统的设计与完善提供参考。