地锦和五叶地锦种间杂交不亲和性初步研究

将地锦和五叶地锦杂交,未能获得杂交种。对人工辅助自交和杂交后,花粉萌发和花粉管生长情况进行了荧光显微观测。观察发现：人工辅助自交后,花粉粒可在各自柱头表面正常萌发,花粉管可伸入花柱内。将地锦和五叶地锦杂交时,多数花粉粒不能在柱头表面萌发,或者花粉管呈卷曲、先端膨大、破裂等异常现象。授粉后2～48h的花柱中,未观察到花粉管。由此推断,地锦和五叶地锦之间的不亲和发生在柱头表面。     

五叶地锦在青海省东部的引种栽培及其园林应用

本文通过五叶地锦在青海省东部的引种栽培试验,结果表明,该品种适宜在本区种植,生长状况良好。同时对该品种的栽培技术要点、园林应用前景做了阐述。     

水分胁迫下保水剂对爬山虎和廊坊杨苗木水分生理生态特性的影响

通过对藤本植物爬山虎(Parthenocissus tricuspidata)和廊坊杨(Populus langfangensis W.)分别进行保水剂处理和盆栽控水,研究它们的生理、生态学特性。结果表明:廊坊杨加入保水剂后,随水分胁迫的加剧,其叶水势降低的比较缓慢,原生质膜透性被破坏的也较缓慢,叶水势和土壤含水量关系用指数方程拟合较好;爬山虎的叶水势与电导率成周期性降低趋势,叶水势与含水量用4d移动平均趋势线拟合较好;2种苗木都用小颗粒20g处理的使用效果最好。     

NaCl胁迫对五叶地锦生长及某些生理特性的影响

用不同浓度的NaCl处理五叶地锦扦插苗 ,研究了盐胁迫对五叶地锦生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明 :小于 5 0mmol·L- 1 的NaCl处理 ,对五叶地锦生长及生理特性没有明显的影响 ;等于或大于 10 0mmol·L- 1 的NaCl处理 ,对五叶地锦的生长有明显的抑制作用 ,而且光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度等生理指标值急剧降低 ,膜相对透性、MDA含量等指标明显增高。由此可以认为 ,10 0mmol·L- 1 NaCl是五叶地锦盐胁迫伤害的阈值。NaCl胁迫下光合作用的下降与膜的伤害、细胞内K 、Ca2 、Na 3种离子平衡关系破坏及糖的反馈性抑制有关 ,而与气孔导度和胞间CO2 浓度无关。盐胁迫下 ,叶片中可溶性糖、脯氨酸以及K、Ca、Na等 3种元素的含量增高。五叶地锦可能通过离子浓度和可溶性糖浓度的提高进行适度的渗透调节 ,以适应NaCl的胁迫。     

爬山虎离体培养的初步研究

以爬山虎茎尖和带腋芽茎段为外植体，对爬山虎组织培养进行了研究。结果表明：爬山虎启动培养时，以茎尖作外植体比带腋芽茎段得到的无菌材料多，最适合的基本培养基为玛，适宜的细胞分裂素浓度为6-BA0．3mg/L；爬山虎增殖培养的适宜培养基为B5 6-BA1．0～1．5mg／L IBA0．1mg／L或B5 6-BA1．0～1．5mg／L NAA0．05mg，L；爬山虎试管苗生根培养的适宜培养基为B5 IBA0．2mg／L，经炼苗移栽，成活率可达到93％以上。     

Liana habitat and host preferences in northern temperate forests

Lianas and other climbers are important ecological and structural components of forest communities. Like other plants, their abundance in a given habitat depends on a variety of factors, such as light, soil moisture and nutrients. However, since lianas require external support, host tree characteristics also influence their distribution. Lianas are conspicuous life forms in tropical regions, but in temperate areas, where they are less prominent, little is known about factors that control their distributions in these forests. We surveyed the climbing plant species in 20 mature (100 years and greater) forested habitats in the Midwest USA at a variety of levels from simple presence/absence, to ground layer abundances, to those species that had ascended trees. We also examined attributes of the tree species with climbers attached to them. Using cluster analysis, we distinguished five different tree communities in our survey locations. We determined that 25% of the trees we surveyed had one or more lianas attached to it, with Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper) the most common climbing species encountered. Canopy cover and soil attributes both influenced climber species presence/absence and ground layer climber abundance. The proportion of liana species of a given climbing type (roots, stem twiner, tendril climber) was significantly related to the DBH of the host tree, with more root climbers and fewer stem and tendril climbers on large trees. In general, the DBH of climbing lianas had a significant positive relationship to the DBH of the host tree; however this varied by the identity of the liana and the tree species. The greater the DBH of the host tree, the higher the probability that it was colonized by one or more lianas, with tree species such as Pinus banksiana (jack pine) and Quercus alba (white oak) being more susceptible to liana colonization than others. Finally, some liana species such as Celastrus scandens (American bittersweet) showed a preference for certain tree species (i.e., P. banksiana) as hosts. The information obtained about the relationship between the tree and climber community in this study provides insight into some of the factors that influence liana distributions in understudied temperate forest habitats and how lianas contribute to the structure of these mature forests. In addition, these data can provide a point of comparison to other liana communities in both temperate and tropical regions.     

五叶地锦抗逆机制的研究

五叶地锦具有生态适应性强,生长发育快速,抗逆能力突出等特点,是理想的抗逆修复植物。本文结合低温胁迫、盐胁迫、施水量对五叶地锦生理指标的影响,从三个方面阐述了国内五叶地锦逆境生理学研究的现状,以期为五叶地锦在逆境环境中的应用提供理论依据。     

地锦叶片正丁醇提取物的抑菌作用

地锦[Parthenocissus tricuspidata(Sieb.et Zucc.)Planch.],又名爬山虎、爬墙虎、地噤、常春滕、红葡萄藤、走游藤、枫藤、红葛、三叶茄等,为葡萄科(Vitaceae)爬山虎属(Patrhenocissus Planch.)多年生木质落叶藤本[1].共有13个种,我国有10种,其中1种由北美引入栽培[2].     

爬山虎多糖的提取与含量测定

建立了石油醚脱脂—70%乙醇除杂—热水提取爬山虎中多糖的工艺,用苯酚—硫酸法测定多糖的含量。实验表明,此方法精密度、稳定性、重现性较好,回收率为98.07%,RSD=3.72%;熟果、茎和叶的多糖平均含量分别为:6.39%、21.88%、11.77%。     

酶解法提取爬山虎根皮中白藜芦醇的工艺研究

采用纤维素酶解法提取爬山虎(Parthenocissus tricuspidata)根皮中白藜芦醇,考察酶解温度、酶解时间、酶添加量、乙醇体积分数以及浸提时间对白藜芦醇含量的影响。结果表明,爬山虎根皮中白藜芦醇含量最高,通过单因素试验确定了纤维素酶法提取爬山虎根皮中白藜芦醇的最佳工艺为10 g爬山虎根皮中酶添加量40 mg、酶解时间120 min、40℃条件下60%体积分数的乙醇浸提24 h,测得白藜芦醇含量为59.87 mg/kg。