水土保持规划中几个问题的商榷

该对在水土保持规划中遇到的几个问题，结合水土保持规划工作实际和国外的一些做法，进行了探讨，提出了水土保持规划要注意水土流失区的生态经济系统平衡，水土保持效益分析是界定范围亟待进一步明确。水土保持工程标准应适当提高，水土保持规划要做好水土保持与江河治理之间的衔接，还有编制《水土保持（小流域治理）规划设计手册》、增加水土保持规划内容和规范水土保持规划图例等。     

Effects of Habitat Suitability and Landscape Patterns on Tick (Acarina) Metapopulation Processes

Tick density and population dynamics are important factors in the ecological processes involved in pathogen circulation in a habitat. These characteristics of tick populations are closely linked to habitat suitability, which reflects the limiting ecological factors and landscape features affecting tick populations; however, little work has been done on the regional assessment of habitat suitability. In this study, a regional model for the distribution and abundance of the tick Ixodes ricinus in central Spain is developed. An occurrence and an abundance model were constructed; climate and vegetation variables were found to be the main predictors of both occurrence and density in a relatively homogeneous matrix of habitat patches, whereas topographical variables were found to have small contributions and were therefore discarded. The residuals of the abundance model showed good correlation with the isolation of each patch. The predictive power of the abundance model was greatly enhanced by inclusion of the traversability (a measure of the permeability of each patch to the propagules of the metapopulation) and recruitment (an index of the relative importance of each patch to the traffic through the entire habitat network). The removal from the landscape of the patches whose recruitment values were in the top 10% has a critical effect on tick density, an effect not observed when patches are removed at random. These results indicate that permanent tick populations can be sustained only in landscapes containing a minimum network of viable sites. Graph theory and measurements of patch isolation should prove to be important elements in the forecasting of tick abundance and the management of the features underlying the landscape ecology of tick populations and pathogen circulation in the field.     

基于博弈论的GC-ITOPSIS果实品质评价模型

为了对果实品质进行更全面的评价,从而更合理地选择优良果实品种。该研究以16个果园的"莱阳茌梨"为试材,运用MATLAB软件,确定了距离贴近度和灰色关联贴近度,并基于博弈论思想,计算出贴近度的组合系数,进而求得综合贴近度,构建GC-ITOPSIS果实评价模型。结果表明:样本1的综合贴进度最大,果实品质最佳,即第1个果园的"莱阳茌梨"果实品质最佳。在此基础上,该研究实现了对果实品质的定量预测,建立了果实品质的BP预测模型,预测精度在7%以内。GC-ITOPSIS模型和BP预测模型相结合,不仅实现了果实品质的定量预测,而且提高了果实品质评价的便利性和准确性。     

梨反转录转座子逆转录酶序列预测及其进化和转录分析

基于生物信息学方法对‘酥梨’基因组中不同类型的逆转录酶进行预测,共获得345条copia类和99条gypsy类逆转录酶。通过系统聚类,copia类逆转录酶可分为Ivana、Ale、TAR、Angela、Maximus和Bianca等6类;gypsy类逆转录酶可分为Athila、Tat、CRM、Reina和Tekay等5类。序列比对结果显示梨中逆转录酶具有较高的异质性,copia类逆转录酶序列分歧度为0.44,gypsy类为0.38。挑选出8类逆转录酶设计引物,并对梨属其它植物进行PCR扩增,结果显示这8类逆转录酶广泛存在于梨属植物中。在砂梨品种‘圆黄’的叶片、种子和果实中均发现该8类逆转录酶存在一定的转录水平,这是首次发现在梨属植物正常生长组织中逆转录酶发生转录。     

基于神经网络的食用菌价格预测模型的建立

为解决食用菌市场价格预测的问题,基于模糊神经网络建立食用菌价格预测模型,对5种常见的食用菌栽培方案进行了价格预测,可以客观准确地预测未来食用菌价格走势,减少价格波动带来的经济影响。     

YST—30KW液压综合试验台的设计

介绍了一种新型的液压综合试验台的系统设计，工作原理及主要技术参数的确定。并提出分置式液压综合试验台结构设计中应注意的几个重要问题。     

基于BP人工神经网络的冻土融沉系数预测方法研究

为促进人工冻结技术在地下工程地基处理中的推广应用，在综合分析人工冻土融沉系数影响因素的基础上，采用BP人工神经网络方法建立人工冻土融沉系数的预测模型。用南京地区典型土质淤泥质黏土、粉质黏土和粉砂的试验数据作为网络模型的学习训练样本和测试样本，对网络模型的预测结果与实测进行对比。结果表明，用人工神经网络方法预测人工冻土融沉系数，结果准确可靠，更接近于实际，是一种很好的预测人工冻土融沉系数的方法：     

Demarcation of juvenile and mature woods of planted Chinese fir and its wood quality prediction

lntroductionChinesefir(Cunntwh8mi8IanceoIat8(Lamb.)Hook)isaveryimportantspeciesofwoodresourcesinSouthernChina.TheheredityandameliorationonChinesefirareaIwayspaidgreatattention.However,inthepast,thefocaIpointOftheworkonheredityandamelioF8tionwashowtoCuItivatetheChinesefirwithcharaCtersoff8stgrowth,goodfigure,wideadaPt-abilityandStrongdiseaseresistance.LittleworkwasdoneonameIior8tionofwoodquaIity.AlongwiththecompositionchangeoftheforeStresourcesinChina,Chinesewoodindustryismoredependen…     

毛竹林长期立地生产力评价和预测研究的评述

本文论述了我国毛竹林长期立地生产力评价和预测研究的背景、特点、面临的主要技术难点、可供利用的优势以及可能的研究策略和解决途径，为探索毛竹林在不同经营措施作用下长期立地生产力的评价和预测的理论及方法提供参考。