含铊酸性废水强化氧化混凝处理研究

[目的]利用强化氧化混凝法处理含铊酸性废水。[方法]以氧化钙为混凝剂,高锰酸钾、次氯酸钙、过氧化氢为氯化剂,对含铊酸性废水进行处理,探讨强化氧化混凝法对酸性废水中铊的处理效果。[结果]在混凝剂投加量不变的情况下,当高锰酸钾、过氧化氢和次氯酸钙的投加量分别为25、2.2和37 ml时,铊去除率分别达99.98%、99.10%和99.98%;在高锰酸钾、过氧化氢和次氯酸钙投加量不变的情况下,当氧化钙投加量分别为25、35和25 ml时,铊去除率分别达99.93%、99.69%和99.98%。[结论]强化氧化混凝处理工艺处理含铊酸性废水效果较佳。     

Oxidation of chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl and phorate by myeloperoxidase

The present paper deals with the investigations of optimal conditions for the myeloperoxidase (MPO) mediated oxidation of chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl and phorate, organophosphorous pesticides (OPs) containing phosphorothionate group, from thio- to oxo-forms, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The aim of the work was to apply this oxidation method in the AChE based bioanalytical tests for OPs determination. The maximum concentration of oxo-forms for all tested pesticides was achieved after 10 min incubation of OPs in 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) with 100 nM MPO in the presence of 50 μM H₂O₂. Optimal temperature for obtaining maximal concentration of oxo-forms was 37 °C. Only the parent compounds and their oxo-forms were identified chromatographically in the OPs samples after their exposure to MPO. Moreover, no hydrolysis products were detected in the time interval of 1 h after the MPO catalyzed reaction was stopped by catalase. The efficiency of OPs transformation from thio- to oxo-forms was measured using acethylcholinesterase (AChE) test, by comparison of percent of AChE inhibition before and after exposure to the oxidized sample.     

核桃楸油氧化稳定性的研究

研究了核桃楸油氧化稳定性。结果表明:随着环境温度的升高,核桃楸油的过氧化值显著增加,说明发生氧化的程度越大;Cu2 、Fe3 金属离子加速了核桃楸油的氧化过程,而且Cu2 的作用比Fe3 要大;与避光条件下相比,太阳直射光能够引起油脂迅速氧化。抗氧化实验发现,氧化剂PG、VE能有效防止油脂在较高温度条件下发生氧化。     

标记硫酸铵和元素硫在稻田土壤中的转化

 本研究的目的是测定标记硫酸铵{[（NH#-4）#-2]#+（35）SO#-4}和元素硫（#+（35）S#+0）在稻田土壤中的转化作用及其影响因素。在密闭嫌气介质中，施用的#+（35）SO#+(2-)#-4迅速转化为还原态的#+（35）S#+(2-)，进而生成挥发态的（H#-2）#+（35）S。在整个培养期间，硫酸盐的硫[S#+(+6)]的还原速率变化在0.1～32.5μg·kg#+(-1)·d#+(-1)·#+（35）S#+(2-)的生成速率随施用田菁和稻草以及淹水而增加。Banauang砂壤土中的还原速率低于San Pablo粘土。San Juan粘土在半开放体系中淹水培养，施用的#+（35）SO#+(2-)#-4的消失先缓后快。试验结束时，在连续淹水条件下，土壤有机硫（S）、HI还原硫（S）和碳键硫（S）的生成率比在80%田间持水量条件下分别增加33.2%、43.4%和38.0%，但对于微生物同化硫（S），两种水分状况下的生成率相当。#+（35）S#+0的氧化受水分状况、土壤类型以及硫肥施用量的影响。在80%田间持水量的条件下，#+（35）SO#+(2-)#-4从#+（35）S#+0的释放速率在Banauang砂壤土和San Pablo 粘土中分别为2.9和1.5mg·kg#+(-1)·Week#+(-1)。在连续淹水条件下，其速率下降到0.6mg·kg#+(-1)·Week#+(-1)左右。#+（35）S#+0施用量以12.5增加至25mg·kg#+(-1) 土，硫的平均氧化数量由1.1增加至4.6mg·kg#+(-1) 。由此，水稻植株对施用的#+（35）S#+0平均利用率由6.9%增加至10.8%。     

施用有机无机肥料对旱地采钙土腐殖质组成及其性质的影响

以冀西北坝上高原旱地栗钙土定位培肥试验为材料，研究了施用有机无机肥料对旱地栗钙土有机无机复合度、腐殖质结合形态、氧化稳定性、腐殖质组成和特性的影响及其与土壤肥力之间的关系，并以此提出了一些标志旱地培肥效果及评价土壤肥力的重要指标。     

松香氧化物中羟值的测定与方法研究

[目的]测定松香氧化物中的羟值,并对操作步骤进行分析。[方法]用乙酰化法首次测定了松香氧化物中的羟值,探讨了测定过程中影响试验结果的一些因素。[结果]松香氧化物羟值较大,说明松香在氧化过程中生成了较多羟基。[结论]建立松香氧化物中羟值的测定方法可为松香的深加工技术提供帮助。     

氧化沟低溶解氧运行模式下的脱氮除磷效果分析

[目的]研究低溶解氧条件对氧化沟的脱氮除磷效果。[方法]通过在2.0、1.0和0.5 mg/L溶解氧浓度下对氧化沟脱氮除磷效果进行的分析比较,选择溶解氧浓度范围为0.5～1.0mg/L,进行连续低氧运行与间歇低氧运行2种运行方式的中试试验。间歇运行根据曝气/停止曝气时间分为工况1(60 min/20min),以及工况2(70 min/20 min)进行试验。[结果]连续低氧运行时,氨氮与COD处理效果较好,平均去除率为84%和91%,TN和TP平均去除率为46%和70.1%;间歇运行时,工况1中,COD和氨氮的去除率仍然较好,同时反硝化程度提高,出水TN平均去除率为61%,TP平均去除率仅能达到55%;工况2中,COD和氨氮的去除率与工况一相似,TN平均去除率增至63%,出水TP平均去除率可达72%。[结论]间歇工况2是3种运行模式中较好的一种。     

茶黄素体外氧化制备方法的影响因子研究进展

本文综述了茶黄素体外氧化制备方法中的主要影响因素,包括氧化途径、底物的组成与含量、反应所选择的酶、系统pH值、反应温度和溶氧浓度。     

Assessing soil carbon lability by near infrared spectroscopy and NaOCl oxidation

The feasibility of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for quantifying labile organic matter (OM) in arable soils and for predicting soil refractory OM fractions was tested on 37 soils varying in texture and soil carbon (C) content. Three sets of arable soils (0-20 cm depth) were sampled from 1) long-term field experiments with different OM inputs, 2) individual sites with inherent with-in field gradients in soil texture and/or C content, and 3) from a range of different sites covering variations in management and geological origin. The labile OM fraction was defined by the CO₂ evolved from the soils incubated for 34 weeks while refractory OM was obtained by NaOCl oxidation.The labile fraction of the soil C accounted for 2-12% of the total soil C content. No systematic relationship between labile C content and total soil C or clay was found, but NIR spectra could be correlated well with the labile C fraction. A distinct, close linear relationship was found for C in soil before and after the NaOCl oxidation, indicating that this method was unable to reveal any additional information not contained in the total soil C measurement. NIR was also correlated with the NaOCl resistant C fraction, but this was considered to relate to the ability of NIR to predict total soil C contents. Thus NIR seemed to have the potential to estimate labile OM determined under laboratory incubations, while it still remains open how to identify and quantify refractory pools of soil OM.     

氧化淀粉的制备

[目的]对影响氧化淀粉羧基含量的各个因素进行系统考察。[方法]以马铃薯淀粉为原料,次氯酸钠作氧化剂制备氧化淀粉。并对最佳工艺条件下制备的最终产品的羟基含量、白度、透明度及黏度进行测定。[结果]制备马铃薯淀粉的最佳工艺条件为：pH值为8.0,温度为40℃,次氯酸钠用量（有效氯用量）为2%,反应时间为8 h。[结论]试验得到的氧化淀粉具有羧基含量低,白度较好,透明度较高,黏度较低的特点。