土壤干旱对黄土高原4个乡土禾草生长及水分利用特性的影响

应用盆栽试验,人工控制土壤水分含量对黄土高原4个乡土禾草长芒草、冰草、无芒隐子草、白羊草的生长及水分利用特性进行了研究。结果表明,随干旱胁迫程度加剧,各草种耗水量明显减少;不同草种单株耗水量差异明显,表现为:白羊草>冰草>无芒隐子草>长芒草,最高日、旬、月耗水量差异明显,中度和重度水分亏缺下的最高耗水日比适宜水分下的提前10d左右。1d中的最大耗水高峰随着土壤含水量的降低有提前的趋势。4个草种株高生长和单叶叶面积明显受土壤水分含量影响,均表现为:适宜水分>中度干旱>重度干旱,土壤干旱下长芒草和无芒隐子草受抑制程度显著大于冰草和白羊草;随干旱胁迫程度的加剧和干旱时间的延长,长芒草和无芒隐子草的叶片组织含水量和叶片相对含水量明显降低,冰草和白羊草则一直能维持较高含水量,且下降幅度小,稳定性好;长芒草和无芒隐子草的水分利用效率(wateruseefficiency,WUE)随干旱加剧而降低,两者属于低耗水、低WUE草种,冰草和白羊草在中度干旱下WUE最高,相比白羊草,冰草属于低耗水、高WUE草种,白羊草属于高耗水、高WUE草种。     

观赏竹开发与应用研究进展

为了合理开发利用、丰富园林绿化景观,提升中华竹文化品位,根据多年来对观赏竹栽培利用的实践经验,分析了观赏竹种开发现状与发展前景,对我国的观赏竹种资源、园林美学特征、观赏竹在园林中的配植方式和造景效果进行了概述,并对观赏竹在福建省等地的广泛应用实例进行了分析。     

FlorTree: A unifying modelling framework for estimating the species-specific pollution removal by individual trees and shrubs

Atmospheric pollution is a threatening problem around the world, with tropospheric ozone (O₃), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and particulate matter (PM₁₀) among the most harmful pollutants for citizens’ health. Nature-based solutions such as urban trees can cut down air concentrations of these pollutants thanks to stomatal uptake and dry deposition on their canopies and, in addition, uptake carbon dioxide (CO₂) and store carbon in their tissues. Unfortunately, some species emit biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (bVOCs) that are O₃-precursors leading to air quality deterioration. As a proper selection of species is essential for urban greening, we developed an innovative single-tree model (FlorTree) to estimate the maximum flux of air pollutants. FlorTree considered species-specific parameters, such as tree morphology (height and crown leaf area), leaf/shoot structure, leaf habit (deciduous/evergreen) and eco-physiological responses to environmental factors, for 221 urban tree and shrub species. We applied the FlorTree model to examine i) which are the best species for air pollution removal in the case study of Florence (Italy) and ii) whether the species-specific removal performance is affected by different climate and air pollution conditions in other cities, namely Bucharest (Romania) and Tokyo (Japan). Results suggested that 24 tall trees (mainly broadleaves belonging to Tilia, Acer and Fraxinus genus) may be recommended for Florence due to their large crowns at maturity (50 years old), relatively high stomatal conductance and no bVOCs release. These general characteristics, however, were affected by climatic and pollutant conditions, suggesting that FlorTree must be applied to the local conditions. Therefore, our results demonstrated that FlorTree can be applied in any city for maximizing the air quality improvement by urban trees.     

不同银杏观赏品种叶片解剖特征比较

首次利用来自6个国家的21个观赏品种,对其叶片解剖特性进行了系统研究。结果表明,气孔主要分布在下表皮。根据对21个观赏品种的气孔指标的测定,利用其遗传距离进行聚类分析,可以分为四类;上、下表皮的角质层厚度并不随叶片厚度呈现有规律的变化;叶柄横切面均2枚维管束,叶柄角质层厚度随横切面长的变化而变化的程度明显。     

山东省紫薇品种观赏价值的灰色评价

采用灰色关联度法分析评价了山东省已知紫薇品种的观赏价值。结果表明,洒金品种群和红薇品种群的品种灰关联度较大,观赏价值较高的品种有幻粉流云、芙蓉面、二八年华等,而矮生直枝粉、小花粉、红霞灰关联度最低。从灰色关联度分析结果看,花序和花径大、花色亮丽的品种观赏价值较高。     

Occurrence of endophytes in grasses native to northern China

A survey of grass species associated with Neotyphodium and Epichloë fungal endophytes was made in the permanent grasslands of northern China. A total of 41 grass species, 56 sites and 172 local populations were examined to reveal endophytic infection of native grasses. Twenty‐five of the forty‐one species of grasses (proportionately 0·61) were infected by endophytes: twenty‐two species had a mean infection rate of 0·01–0·50 and only three species had a mean infection >0·50. Of the 172 local populations examined, however, proportionately 0·72 were not infected, 0·181 had an infection rate of 0·01–0·50 and 0·099 had an infection rate of 0·51–1·00. Two genera of grasses, Cleistogenes and Koeleria, as well as twenty plant species, were previously unknown endophytic hosts in China. High infection rates (0·86–1·00) of plants of Achnatherum sibiricum were detected at all eleven sites studied. Other grasses in which high infection rates were found were Agropyron mongolicum, Roegneria turczaninovii, Agropyron elongate, Poa palustris and Poaangustifolia. It was concluded that endophytes are found widely in natural grass populations and that endophyte–grass interactions may have effects on ecosystems and livestock in the grasslands of northern China.     

利用观赏植物物候预测草坪杂草发生

杂草影响草坪美观,还会使草坪丧失功能,防治杂草的关键是要掌握杂草的发生时间,但由于草坪杂草植株矮小,生育期短导致其不易辨认及观察。本研究以探究常见观赏植物物候与杂草爆发之间的对应关系为前提,自2012年11月至2014年4月间,采用样线样方结合的方法调查了广州地区草坪杂草发生情况,以及常见观赏植物的物候特点。结果显示:样地中,杂草群落具有类似的分布模式,以多年生杂草为主,一年生杂草次之,二年生杂草最少;与草坪草具有相似生活型或具有类似的生物学特性的杂草,容易在环境选择过程中被保留下来,成为主要杂草;夏季是杂草爆发的高峰时期。木棉(Bombax malabaricum)初花期可以预测白花蛇舌草的(Hedyotis diffusa)爆发;猫尾木(Dolichandrone cauda-felina)初花期可以预测红花酢浆草(Oxalis corymbosa)、黄花酢浆草(Oxalis pes-caprae)、黄鹌菜(Youngia japonica)爆发;杜英(Elaeocarpus decipiens)盛花期、葱兰(Pouzolzia zeylanica)盛花期可以预测雾水葛(Pouzolzia zeylanica)的2个爆发期等。     

内蒙古中部地区观赏园艺植物的选择与配置

首先介绍了新农村建设中观赏园艺植物选择与配置的重要性,以及新农村建设中观赏园艺植物选择与配置的方式。通过对呼和浩特市和林格尔县三铺村观赏园艺植物选择与配置的现状进行调查,结果发现,该村观赏园艺植物选择与配置中存在一些问题,主要表现在：①盲目引进栽植外来观赏园艺植物;②在选择与配置观赏园艺植物时,对其生态学特性重视不够;③配置简单,缺乏空间层次错落有致与平面上疏密相间的变化;④植物色彩变化不突出,较少考虑和运用植物随季节变化而产生的环境变化,开花植物的选择对时间和空间上的相互搭配和补充也缺乏相应的重视;⑤用苗苗龄偏小,硬材树种比例不足。针对这些问题,提出了相应的合理选择与配置三铺村观赏园艺植物的建议,即科学、有效、合理地选择与配置植物;体现自然;保护耕地,节约用地,完善道路绿化系统;草本花卉与木本花木结合配置。     

驻马店市蔷薇科观赏植物资源调查研究

驻马店观赏植物种类32科59属120种,其中蔷薇科植物17属33种.对蔷薇科植物进行了分类、对其特征特性作了简要描述,对应用现状进行了分析.     

闽东野生观赏蕨类植物资源及其利用

根据历史资料并结合补充调查,宁德市有野生蕨类植物30科53属93种,其中不乏具有观赏价值的种类。通过对宁德市主要几种观赏蕨类植物资源的分布和习性的分析,提出了该市观赏蕨类植物资源保护与开发利用的建议。