Effect of inclusion of cashew globulin (Anacardium occidentale) to a casein diet on lipid parameters in rats

The effect of inclusion of cashew globulin to a casein diet on lipid metabolism was studied in rats fed diets with two levels of cashew globulin meal. Inclusion of cashew globulin to a casein diet produced lower levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and phospholipids in the serum and tissues and lower levels of serum lipoprotein cholesterol. There was decreased cholesterogenesis in the liver as evidenced by decreased activity of HMG CoA reductase and decreased release of lipoproteins into circulation. Rats fed cashew globulin along with casein also showed higher activity of LPL in the heart and adipose tissue and higher activity of LCAT. Increased hepatic diversion of cholesterol to bile acid synthesis and increased excretion of bile acids and sterols were also observed in these groups. Activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme was decreased in rats fed cashew globulin along with casein. This study demonstrates that cashew globulins included in the diet of rats are able to alter lipid metabolism which results in lower levels of lipid parameters in the serum and tissues.     

Biodegradation measurements confirm the predictive value of the O:C‐ratio for biochar recalcitrance

Suitable predictors of degradability are sought to support the identification of biochars with large potential to increase C sequestration in soils. We determined the biodegradation of 9 chars from hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis in two agricultural soils. The 200‐ and 115‐day degradation correlated strongly with the O:C‐ and slightly with the H:C‐atomic ratio of 9 and 14 biochars, respectively. Highest temperature treatment and ash content did not show similar correlations.     

Associations among albuminuria, C-reactive protein concentrations, survival predictor index scores, and survival in 78 critically ill dogs

Background: Microalbuminuria and C‐reactive protein (CRP) are predictors of morbidity and survival in critically ill human patients. Hypothesis/Objectives: To evaluate results of microalbuminuria assays (untimed single‐sample urine albumin concentration [U‐ALB] and the urine albumin : creatinine ratio [UACR]), serum CRP, and survival predictor index (SPI2) scores as predictors of survival in critically ill dogs. Animals: Seventy‐eight dogs admitted to intensive care units at University of Tennessee (UT) and Colorado State University (CSU). Methods: Prospective observational study. Critically ill dogs were eligible for enrollment, unless euthanized because of financial constraints. Samples were collected within 3 hours of admission. Spearman's rank‐correlation coefficients were determined for U‐ALB, UACR, CRP, and SPI2. U‐ALB, UACR, CRP, and SPI2 were assessed for associations with 7‐ and 30‐day survival by Mann‐Whitney U‐tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. P‐values < .0125 were considered significant. Results: UT (n = 49) and CSU (n = 29) patients did not differ significantly. Forty percent (31/78) of dogs died. SPI2 was inversely correlated with U‐ALB (r_s=?0.39, P < .001) and UACR (r_s=?0.41, P < .001). CRP was not correlated with SPI2 (P= .019), U‐ALB (P > .1), or UACR (P > .1). U‐ALB and UACR had very high correlation (r_s= 0.95, P < .001). SPI2, U‐ALB, and UACR differed significantly for survivors and nonsurvivors. SPI2, U‐ALB, and UACR had areas under the ROC curve (AUC) from 0.68 to 0.74 for survival prediction. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Albuminuria and SPI2, but not CRP, are associated with survival in critically ill dogs. Suboptimal AUCs limit the value of microalbuminuria testing for clinical risk assessment. Additional studies are necessary to determine the usefulness of microalbuminuria testing in patient risk stratification for prospective research.     

Urinary bladder wall substitution using autologous tunica vaginalis in male dogs

Fresh autologous tunica vaginalis was experimentally used for partial substitution of the excised urinary bladder wall in ten male mongrel dogs. The substituted areas of two dogs were examined macroscopically and histologically at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks after surgery. Two control dogs underwent partial cystectomy and primary wall closure without substitution. The regenerated transitional epithelium completely covered the substituted portion and smooth muscle regeneration was present at 6 weeks. The bladder walls at the closure area of one control dog and at the substituted portions of two dogs at 10 weeks were indistinguishable macroscopically from the native bladder with all layers of the bladder wall present histologically. According to the macroscopic and histological findings and simplicity of the technique, tunica vaginalis can be used as an alternative graft for bladder wall substitution. Calcification and bone metaplasia observed were similar to those found after using other tissue grafts.     

超声辅助提取大豆膳食纤维及产品物性研究

【摘要】为研究超声辅助提取对大豆膳食纤维提取效率及物性的影响,以超声波进行辅助,并进行工艺优化和产品物性分析。在液料比,超声功率强度,超声温度和超声时间4个单因素试验的基础上,通过四元二次通用旋转组合设计试验优化超声辅助提取豆渣中大豆膳食纤维的工艺条件,并采用扫描电镜、红外光谱仪等对大豆膳食纤维产品进行了物性表征。试验结果表明,在液料比35ml/g,超声功率强度600W/g,超声温度50 ℃,间歇性超声处理累计时间50 min条件下大豆膳食纤维得率最高,达92.11%。物性分析结果表明,与酸溶碱沉提取、酶解辅助提取的大豆膳食纤维相比,超声辅助提取的大豆膳食纤维具有更高的持水力、溶胀力、结合水力和结合脂肪能力以及更丰富的空间网状结构;同时,超声处理增加了膳食纤维的游离羟基,但未改变其热降解机理。试验结果显示,超声辅助提取不仅能够提高大豆膳食纤维的提取率,而且对其加工性能有很好的改进作用。     

工程排水对低产田肥力及作物产量影响的研究——以名山县《川中项目》效益定位监测结果为例

工程排水改善了土壤生态环境,土壤理化性状得到明显改良,水、肥、气、热诸肥力因素日趋协调,肥力水平显著提高,收到了形质兼改的明显效果。生产经济效益十分显著。     

丝核菌分离方法的研究

本文利用0,10~(-3),10~(-4),10~(-5),10~(-6)和10~(-7)不同浓度的敌克松水溶液浸泡干燥的甜荞茎杆后,再用茎定殖法从8个自然感染丝核菌的土壤中和一个人工混有丝核菌的土壤中,以及1个人工混有丝核菌和其它真菌的土壤中,分离丝核菌。结果表明,采用修订茎定殖法,即用10~(-5)浓度的敌克松水溶液浸泡后的甜荞茎分离丝核菌,在提高丝核菌的分离率和降低杂菌的污染率方面都明显的优于其它处理。此方法可用于丝核菌的分离和土壤中丝核菌数量动态的定量研究。     

探讨牛瘤胃酸中毒的中西医结合治疗效果

现代牛养殖与生产中,牛瘤胃酸中毒是比较常见的一种消化性病症,该病发病急、病牛死亡快,所以很容易给奶牛行业带来巨大经济损失。本研究通过分析牛瘤胃酸中毒原因与症状,提出对牛瘤胃酸中毒实施中西医结合治疗方法,观察其治疗效果,以期能够为牛养殖提供有用的治疗建议。     

牛金属硫蛋白素bMTcin编码区的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达研究

以本实验室由RT-PCR扩增得到的含有牛金属硫蛋白（bMT）cDNA的重组质粒pYJ101为模板，PCR扩增出牛金属硫蛋白素bMTcin的编码区，将其克隆到pGEM-T载体上并进行DNA序列测定。利用融合表达载体pGEX4T-1，在E.coli中诱导表达bMTcin，经过Glutathine Sepharose 4B亲和层析纯化后，SDS-PAGE检测GST:bMTcin的条带。结果表明，所克隆的bMTcin序列全长为141bp，其DNA序列与原模板中的序列完全相同，与GenBank中另外5个bMTcinDNA相比，第31位和86位与Conneely的序列为A和G，导致第11位（Thr）第29位（Arg）的氨基酸不同于其他4个序列（11位为Ala，29位为Lys）。融合表达蛋白GST:bMTcin的表达量大约为1.1mg/L发酵液。     

高效液相色谱法测定血浆或组织中吡喹酮,氯霉素,喹乙醇及利血平的浓度

本研究建立了测定吡喹酮、氯霉素、喹乙醇及利血平浓度的反相高效液相色谱分析方法.以ODS-C18化学键合相(5μm)作为固定相;乙醚萃取血浆中的吡喹酮,组织喹乙醇用乙酸乙酯-乙腈(3:2,V/V)抽提,虾肉氯霉素及组织利血平均用乙酸乙酯提取;甲醇-水为流动相;吡喹酮、氯霉素、喹乙醇及利血平进行紫外检测的波长分别是211、280、260及254nm,最低检出浓度分别是0.02μg/ml血浆、0.02μg/g虾肉、0.2μg/g组织及0.1μg/g组织,方法回收率分别是98.07±3.24、90.12±4.71、71.23±5.49及92.14±5.68％(平均值±标准差).这些方法简单、灵敏、专一,已用于测定猪静注及内服吡喹酮后的血浆药物浓度,对虾饲喂“虾病宝7号”(含氯霉素)后虾肉中氯霉素的残留,鸡内服中毒剂量喹乙醇的组织浓度,以及鸡内服利血平的组织浓度.