香石竹鲜切花家用保鲜剂的配制

分别用w=5%的食用白糖溶液、ρ=600mg·L^–1的维生素C溶液、φ=50%白酒配制成的35mL·L^–1的溶液作保鲜剂,以凉开水作对照,制作香石竹鲜切花家用保鲜剂。结果表明,与对照相比,添加白糖和白酒的保鲜液能不同程度地延长香石竹鲜切花的瓶插寿命,增加鲜切花的体质量,增大花径,而添加维生素C的保鲜液保鲜效果比对照差。     

离子液体[C_(16)mim]Cl对泥鳅胚胎与仔鱼的毒性

为了研究离子液体[C_(16)mim]Cl的生物毒性作用,以泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Cantor)胚胎和仔鱼为受试动物,分别以胚胎发育的囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期和尾芽期4个发育时期以及孵出期和孵出3 d的仔鱼作为处理的起始点进行急性毒性试验。结果显示,随着[C_(16)mim]Cl浓度的增加和处理时间的延长,泥鳅胚胎的孵化率逐渐下降,畸形率则在逐步升高;其中,刚孵出的仔鱼24 h与48 h的半数致死浓度(LC_(50))及安全浓度(SC)分别为0.555、0.453、0.091 mg/L;孵出3 d的仔鱼24 h与48 h的LC_(50)及SC分别为0.444、0.273、0.031 mg/L。表明在较低剂量内,离子液体[C_(16)mim]Cl对泥鳅胚胎及其仔鱼的发育表现出明显的致畸与致死作用,并且该毒性作用具有显著的剂量-效应关系。     

贵州喀斯特山区稻田养殖建鲤肌肉营养成分分析与健康评价

该研究分析了稻田养殖建鲤的肌肉营养成分,旨在了解建鲤在贵州省稻田养殖条件下的营养特点。试验采用常规营养成分分析方法测定了稻田养殖建鲤肌肉中的营养。结果表明:稻田养殖建鲤肌肉中水分含量为76.58%±0.31%,粗灰分含量2.20%±0.03%,粗脂肪含量为2.39%±0.06%,粗蛋白含量为21.02%±0.21%。稻田养殖建鲤肌肉中检测出18种氨基酸,总量为83.47%±1.17%,其中8种必需氨基酸占比34.29%±0.11%,非必需氨基酸占49.18%±0.23%,鲜味氨基酸占31.29%±0.64%,必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸比值为69.12%,均符合FAO/WHO的评价标准;必需氨基酸指数为76.40%。稻田养殖建鲤肌肉中共检测出21种脂肪酸,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)分别占脂肪酸总量的30.65%、37.51%、31.87%;∑SFA:∑MUFA∶∑PUFA比例为1∶1.22∶1.04,ΣPUFA n-6∶ΣPUFA n-3为1.38。综上所述,相对于其他常见稻田养殖品种,稻田养殖的建鲤营养成分均衡,以期为稻田养殖建鲤以及居民...     

Nitrogen removal techniques in aquaculture for a sustainable production

As the aquaculture industry intensively develops, its environmental impact increases. Discharges from aquaculture deteriorate the receiving environment and the need for fishmeal and fish oil for fish feed production increases. Rotating biological contactors, trickling filters, bead filters and fluidized sand biofilters are conventionally used in intensive aquaculture systems to remove nitrogen from culture water. Besides these conventional water treatment systems, there are other possible modi operandi to recycle aquaculture water and simultaneously produce fish feed. These double-purpose techniques are the periphyton treatment technique, which is applicable to extensive systems, and the proteinaceous bio-flocs technology, which can be used in extensive as well as in intensive systems. In addition to maintenance of good water quality, both techniques provide an inexpensive feed source and a higher efficiency of nutrient conversion of feed. The bio-flocs technology has the advantage over the other techniques that it is relatively inexpensive; this makes it an economically viable approach for sustainable aquaculture.     

江西彭泽鲫生殖方式的初步研究

为探究鳡和翘嘴鲌精子在诱导彭泽鲫雌核发育子代中的异精效应,实验分别以鳡和翘嘴鲌精子激活彭泽鲫卵的胚胎发育获得子二代 (F₂)群体：P×G (彭泽鲫♀×鳡♂)和P×Q (彭泽鲫♀×翘嘴鲌♂),以P×P (彭泽鲫♀×彭泽鲫♂)F₂为对照,比较各群体的染色体核型、DNA含量、形态学特征以及生长等。结果显示,P×G、P×Q和P×P的核型分别为3n=150=45m+66sm+27st+12t、3n=150=54m+51sm+39st+6t和3n=150=51m+48sm+45st+6t,与父本鳡的核型 (2n=48=10m+24sm+12st+2t)和翘嘴鲌的核型 (2n=48=16m+26sm+6st)明显不同;P×G和P×Q的DNA含量与P×P比值在95%的置信区间内 (均为0.97);上述结果表明,P×G和P×Q的F₂群体均为雌核发育子代。基于形态学参数的主成分分析显示,P×G和P×Q与P×P散点分布区域基本无重叠;P×G和P×Q与P×P间能通过判别函数进行初步判别 (准确率达97.8%),即存在显著的形态学差异;这表明P×Q和P×G子代存在异精效应。与P×P相比,P×G和P×Q的F₂群体各日龄的平均体重、平均体长、增重率和增长率均表现出优势,且P×G优势显著。综上所述,鳡和翘嘴鲌精子均能诱导彭泽鲫卵的雌核发育,且不同的精子源诱导对雌核发育子代的影响不同,存在典型的“异精效应”。     

饲料Vc对大菱鲆非特异性免疫力的影响

X用维生素C（Vc）含量为0～2500mg／kg的配合饲料连续投喂大菱鲆70d后,测定大菱鲆血液白细胞的总数、吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活性和总补体活性。结果表明,饲料中Vc含量增加到250mg／kg,白细胞总数明显增加,进一步提高Vc含量,白细胞总数没有显著变化;血清溶菌酶活性在Vc含量为250mg／kg时最高,其他各组无显著性差异;添加Vc的各试验组的总补体活性明显地高于对照组,但是添加Vc的各组之间的总补体活性没有显著性差别;Vc含量对白细胞的吞噬活性没有影响。     

C/N ratio control and substrate addition for periphyton development jointly enhance freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii production in ponds

The present research investigated the effect of carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) control in ponds with or without substrate addition for periphyton development on production of giant freshwater prawn. C/N ratios of 10, 15 and 20 were investigated in 40 m^− 2 ponds stocked with 2 prawn juveniles (5.023 ± 0.02 g) m^− 2 with or without added substrates for periphyton development. The various treatment combinations of C/N ratio and periphyton substrate addition are abbreviated as ‘CN10’, ‘CN15’, ‘CN20’, ‘CN10 + P’, ‘CN15 + P’ and ‘CN20 + P’, P representing periphyton substrate. A locally formulated and prepared feed containing 30% crude protein with C/N ratio10 was applied. Tapioca starch was used as carbohydrate source for manipulating C/N ratio and applied to the water column separately from the feed. Increasing the C/N ratio from 10 to 20 reduced (P < 0.001) the total ammonia-nitrogen (TAN), nitrite–nitrogen (NO₂–N) and nitrate–nitrogen (NO₃–N) in water column and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) in sediment. The addition of substrates only influenced the NO₂–N concentration in the water column (P < 0.001). Increasing the C/N ratio raised the total heterotrophic bacterial (THB) population in the water column, sediment and periphyton (P < 0.001). It also increased the dry matter (DM), ash free dry matter (AFDM), and chlorophyll a content of periphyton (P < 0.001). The lowest specific growth rate (SGR), the highest food conversion ratio (FCR), and the lowest protein efficiency ratio (PER) were recorded in treatment CN10 (P < 0.05). The addition of substrates did not influence size at harvest (P > 0.05) but improved the survival from 62.8 to 72% (P < 0.001). Increasing the C/N ratio from 10 to 20 increased the net yield by 40% and addition of substrate increased the net yield by 23%. The combination of C/N ratio control and substrate addition increased the net yield by 75% from 309 (CN10) to 540 (CN20 + P) kg ha^− 1 (120 days)^− 1. This 75% higher production concurred with (1) a lower inorganic nitrogen content in the water column, (2) a higher THB abundance supplying additional single cell protein to augment the prawn production, and (3) an improved periphyton productivity and quality.     

杂交鳢(乌鳢♂×斑鳢♀)及其亲本血液指标的比较分析

本研究采用血细胞分析仪、流式细胞仪和血涂片制作方法,对杂交鳢及其亲本血液指标进行了比较分析。结果显示,杂交鳢(Channa argus♂×C.maculata♀)与其亲本相比,表现出明显杂种优势:在血液红细胞数目、白细胞数目、血红蛋白含量和血细胞比容上,杂交鳢都比亲本高,差异显著(P<0.05);在红细胞体积上,杂交鳢均比亲本小,差异显著(P<0.05);杂交鳢及其亲本血液中都含有较少比例的DNA合成期(S期)细胞,但彼此差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

三种免疫添加剂对草鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响

在饲料中添加不同剂量的Vc、酵母多糖和壳聚糖,连续投喂42d,并在试验的第14、28、35和42天取样检测,研究其对草鱼血清溶菌酶活性、血清超氧化物歧化酶活性（SOD）活性、血清碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性、补体C3、含量丙二醛（MDA）含量和血液白细胞吞噬活性共6种指标的影响。结果显示：实验组与对照组相比,饲料中添加Vc可以提高血清溶菌酶活性、SOD活性、AKP活性、补体C3含量和血液白细胞吞噬活性高,并降低MDA含量。添加酵母多糖可以提高血清溶菌酶活性、AKP活性、补体C3含量和血液白细胞吞噬活性,并降低MDA含量,但不能提高SOD活性。添加壳聚糖可以提高血清溶菌酶活性、SOD活性、AKP活性、补体C3含量和血液白细胞吞噬活性,但不能降低MDA含量。饲料中添加Vc、酵母多糖和壳聚糖均对草鱼的非特异性免疫功能具有一定的促进作用。     

脆肉鲩质构与感官评价的相关性研究

为探究高浓度蚕豆水提取物、维生素C和E (V_C/V_E)提升草鱼肌肉品质(质构特性等)的效果,实验以普通配合饲料为对照,30%蚕豆水提取物、30%蚕豆水提取物+V_C/V_E (400 mg/kg V_C + 200 mg/kg V_E)、蚕豆配合饲料为处理组,分别饲喂 (250±20) g草鱼120 d。在40、80和120 d 3个时间点测定草鱼的肌肉和肠道中活性氧 (ROS)含量及ROS消除和生成相关酶活性、肌肉细胞中线粒体膜通透性转换孔和线粒体膜电位水平的变化。在120 d时分析草鱼的生长特性和肌肉及肠道的显微结构。结果显示,与蚕豆组相比,30%蚕豆水提取物和30%蚕豆水提取物+V_C/V_E两组草鱼的生长增加、饲料系数和腹腔脂肪水平显著下降,但蚕豆水提取物+V_C/V_E组草鱼肌肉质构特性高于30%蚕豆水提取物组。30%蚕豆水提取物和30%蚕豆水提取物+V_C/V_E两组草鱼肌肉和肠道的活性氧含量较蚕豆组显著下降、活性氧生成相关酶活性下降、消除相关酶活性上升。显微结构观察显示,30%蚕豆水提取物组和蚕豆水提取物+V_C/V_E组的草鱼肌纤维密度增高、直径降低,肠道损伤程度较蚕豆组明显下降。研究表明,在饲料中同时添加一定量的蚕豆水提取物和V_C/V_E可有效提升草鱼肌肉质构,在淡水鱼品质改良方面具有较大应用前景。