柞蚕抗病机制及其抗病物质的研究——Ⅲ.柞蚕诱导抗菌物质活性与柞蚕对NPV感染抵抗性的相关关系

本试验利用半蛾区测定方法,将同蛾区蛹期诱导抗菌物质活性、稚蚕期对柞蚕NPV的感染抵抗性进行了相关性的比较试验.初步结果表明:(1)同蛾区稚蚕期对NPV感染抵抗性强的.蛹期诱导抗菌物质活性也高,呈正相关关系,(2)蛹期诱导抗菌物质活性高的峨区,次代稚蚕期抗毒力(NPV)也强,呈正相关;(3)柞蚕五龄幼虫经大肠杆菌诱导后也能产生抗菌物质,且其诱导抗菌物质活性与溶菌酶活性趋于正相关.同时,供试的三个柞蚕品种,蚕期和蛹期诱导抗菌物质活性趋于一致.     

应用Dot－ELISA快速检测传染性法氏囊病病毒

本文成功建立了斑点酶联免疫吸附试验（Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ），应用于传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）的快速检测。该方法操作简便快速、特异性好、灵敏度高。同时对深圳某鸡场发生ＩＢＤ病料进行了病毒分离，用Ｄｏｒ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测接种鸡胚的绒毛尿囊膜裂解上清呈强阳性反应。     

天津郊区青椒病毒种群与CMV株系分化研究初报

1987—1988年在天津郊区青椒上发现了4种病毒:黄瓜花叶病毒(占77.0%)、烟草花叶病毒(占42.5%)、马铃薯X病毒(占63.1%)和马铃薯Y病毒(占38.1%),未发现蚕豆萎蔫病毒和苜蓿花叶病毒.根据鉴别寄主的症状反应,天津青椒上黄瓜花叶病毒可分为4类,定名为第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ株系.     

One-cycle growth studies with Maedi—Progressive pneumonia—Visna viruses: Shorter latent periods revealed

The latent periods of Visna virus and of progressive pneumonia virus were demonstrated by one-cycle growth studies to end 14–16 hr after infection of sheep choroid plexus cell cultures. Maedi virus was demonstrated to have a 14–18-hr latent period.     

A new freeze-dried living virus vaccine against sheep-pox

A sheep-pox virus strain has been adapted and multiplied in primary lamb kidney cell cultures. The main characteristics of the strain have been verified in vitro after clones were isolated, and the results confirmed its identity. The safety and the potency of the strain have been investigated in sheep.

The inoculation of the strain to sheep was followed by a post-vaccinal reaction materialised by a nodule at the site of inoculation and an increase of temperature by about 1°C. No reactions adversely affecting pregnancy have been noted. Immunisation was demonstrated by an increase in the level of neutralising serous antibodies and protection against the pathogenic virus. The immunity tended to decrease during the second year after primovaccination and a yearly booster vaccination appeared to be necessary. Primovaccination of lambs over 2 months of age produced a better immunity, especially when the lambs were born from vaccinated ewes.

This strain forms the active principle of a freeze-dried vaccine containing no adjuvant of the immunity.     

Characterisation of three novel canine osteosarcoma cell lines producing high levels of matrix metalloproteinases

Three canine osteosarcoma cell lines were established from spontaneous pelvic and radial osteosarcomas. The cell populations cultured exhibited characteristics of malignancy and consisted of adherent, pleomorphic, mostly large spindle-shaped or polyhedral cells, characterised by the presence of numerous cytoplasmic granules and vacuoles. The main ultrastructural features included the presence of abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and numerous cytoplasmic vesicles, deposit vacuoles and small cytoplasmic protrusions. Zymography showed that the cell lines produce high levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9, enzymes directly involved in crucial aspects of the metastatic process. Consistent with their osteoblastic lineage and malignant phenotype, all cell lines were immunoreactive to vimentin, osteopontin, PCNA, p53, MMP-2 and MMP-9, while they were negative for cytokeratin, desmin, SMA, Factor VIII, NSE, GFAP, Rb and p21 protein. No retroviral particles or RNA were detected ultrastructurally or with RT-PCR, although the possibility of viral involvement in osteosarcoma cannot be excluded. The new cell lines provide excellent in vitro models that may allow further studies on the pathobiology of canine osteosarcoma to be undertaken.     

Nuclear receptor and target gene mRNA abundance in duodenum and colon of dogs with chronic enteropathies

Nuclear receptors (NR), such as constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X receptor (PXR) and peroxisome proliferator-associated receptors alpha and gamma (PPAR, PPARγ) are mediators of inflammation and may be involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and food responsive diarrhea (FRD) of dogs. The present study compared mRNA abundance of NR and NR target genes [multi drug-resistance gene-1 (MDR1), multiple drug-resistance-associated proteins (MRD2, MRD3), cytochrome P450 (CYP3A12), phenol-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase (SULT1A1) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST A3-3)] in biopsies obtained from duodenum and colon of dogs with IBD and FRD and healthy control dogs (CON; n = 7 per group). Upon first presentation of dogs, mRNA levels of PPAR, PPARγ, CAR, PXR and RXR in duodenum as well as PPARγ, CAR, PXR and RXR in colon were not different among groups (P > 0.10). Although mRNA abundance of PPAR in colon of dogs with FRD was similar in both IBD and CON (P > 0.10), PPAR mRNA abundance was higher in IBD than CON (P < 0.05). Levels of mRNA of MDR1 in duodenum were higher in FRD than IBD (P < 0.05) or CON (P < 0.001). Compared with CON, abundances of mRNA for MRP2, CYP3A12 and SULT1A1 were higher in both FRD and IBD than CON (P < 0.05). Differences in mRNA levels of PPAR and MRP2 in colon and MDR1, MRP2, CYP3A12 and SULT1A1 in duodenum may be indicative for enteropathy in FRD and (or) IBD dogs relative to healthy dogs. More importantly, increased expression of MDR1 in FRD relative to IBD in duodenum may be a useful diagnostic marker to distinguish dogs with FRD from dogs with IBD.     

番茄黄化曲叶病毒（TYLCV）基因介导抗病性研究进展

番茄黄化曲叶病毒（TYLCV）已经遍布世界各地,也是限制我国番茄主产区生产的主要因素,由于TYLCV易变异,常规育种单一基因抗性难以持久,本文总结了国内外利用TYLCV病毒来源基因（V1、C1等）介导抗性的研究,并且分析了其产生广谱抗性的原因。     

蜜蜂畸翅病毒SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

为建立蜜蜂畸翅病毒SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法,通过构建蜜蜂畸翅病毒(DWV)RDRP基因部分序列的标准质粒作为模板,进行了标准曲线的建立,并对所建立方法进行了特异性和灵敏度测试。结果表明:所建立的荧光定量RT-PCR扩增效率E=100%,R2=0.999,最低检出量为100个拷贝;该方法仅能检出DWV病毒,而不能检测出蜜蜂黑王台病毒、囊状幼虫病毒,具有很好的特异性。表明已成功建立了特异灵敏的DWV实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法。采用所建方法对昆明部分蜂场进行了DWV感染状况调查,结果表明昆明地区东方蜜蜂带毒率为54%,提示DWV病毒在昆明地区东方蜜蜂中存在流行。     

我国首例小反刍兽疫诊断报告

2007年7月我国西藏发生不明山羊疫情,国家外来动物病诊断中心对当地动物疫病控制中心送检的14只病死山羊病料和一批血清样品分别进行病原学和血清学检测。利用较敏感的小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)特异性荧光定量RT-PCR方法,在11只病羊组织中检测到小反刍兽疫病毒核酸。利用次敏感的PPRV普通RT-PCR方法,从8只病羊组织中检测到PPRV核酸。针对1号样本病原核酸N基因和F基因片段进行遗传发生分析,该病原属于4系。利用竞争ELISA试剂盒对送检的13份血清样本进行抗体检测,结果全部阳性。将1号组织样本接种Vero细胞分离病毒,透射电镜观察下,发现了500纳米左右的病毒粒子。对分离毒株进行PCR检测同样证实其为PPRV。