Predictive mapping for management and conservation of seagrass beds in North Carolina

An Erratum has been published for this article in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 12(2), 2002 577

• 1. This research extends techniques of predictive mapping from their application in terrestrial environments to marine landscapes by investigating the relationship between seagrass and hydrodynamics in Core Sound, North Carolina, USA.
• 2. An empirically derived logistic multiple regression model and a Boolean logic suitability model were used to produce several predictive map products, including: susceptibility of seagrasses to storms, probability of seagrass cover, and suitability of areas for restoration of seagrasses. A visual comparison between these maps and conventional seagrass polygon maps allows for a discussion of ‘field’ versus ‘object’ mapping, and the ramifications for management based on different cartographic techniques.
• 3. The predictive method used here showed that only a small portion (19%) of the seagrass bed in the study area would be expected to have a high probability of seagrass coverage. The majority of the seagrass habitat in the study area was predicted to have less than 50% probability of seagrass cover. In addition, 16% of the nearly 2000 ha of seagrass within the study area were predicted to be highly susceptible to acute storm events. Moreover, using a conservative set of site selection criteria, only 7% of the study area encompassed by seagrass habitat was predicted to have a high probability of successful restoration if injured.
• 4. This method provides for an inexpensive way to scale‐up from high‐resolution data to a coarser scale that is often required for conservation and management.

Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

湿热蒸汽处理木质材料温度动态监测研究

作为一种替代溴甲烷熏蒸木材的技术,湿热蒸汽处理具有突出的环保性。试验通过智能换热站提供湿热蒸汽,设计了钢材框架悬挂耐高温气囊的试验装置,对原木、樟子松拼板、樟子松锯材和单板层积材进行湿热蒸汽处理,并对木材内部升温进行动态监测。利用温度记录仪收集了各温度监测点4 h内的温度实时数据,以及耐高温气囊内部的环境温度实时数据,对湿热蒸汽环境下木质材料不同位置的升温过程进行比较分析,结果表明:木质材料与湿热蒸汽的接触面积是影响其升温速率的关键因素;较大尺寸的木质材料升温速率更高;人造板材与天然木材升温速率基本相同。     

浅谈室内有毒气体与室内花卉

现代居室装修材料多会造成室内不同程度空气污染,有害人们健康。文章根据有关资料,对有毒气体来源和危害以及室内花卉对有毒气体的吸收作用进行简单介绍。建议尽可能少用有毒装饰材料,加强室内通风换气,再辅之以室内花卉,同时建议学术界加强对有特殊环保功能植物的研究。     

广东东源康禾省级自然保护区野生药用植物资源调查

广东东源康禾省级自然保护区有药用植物175科520属801种,种数占保护区维管植物总种数的78.3%,即超过3/4的种类为药用植物,种类非常丰富。其中蕨类植物31科61种,裸子植物3科3属3种,被子植物141科470属737种,双子叶植物比例优势明显。在这些药用植物中,菊科、草本类、全草(全株)类、清热类、平性类、苦味类分别在种类数量、生活型、药用部分、药性、药味中占优势。文章分析了广东东源康禾省级自然保护区野生药用植物资源的特点和用途,并就如何使保护区的药用植物资源更好地得到保护和利用提出了相关建议。     

木麻黄优良无性系引进与更新造林效果初步分析

为了丰富和增加海岸带防护林体系建设的新材料,引进木麻黄新无性系进行育苗与更新造林试验,结果表明:9个参试的木麻黄无性系造林成活率均达到95.9%以上;现有保存率也均达到95.5%以上,说明新引进的木麻黄无性系都比较适宜新的生态环境。试验还表明,木麻黄无性系之间最主要的胸径、树高生长量处于快速成长水平,真正的竞争才开始,有待进一步观察研究。     

不同有机物料对黄土高原治沟造地土壤水分运移的影响

为了改善黄土高原治沟造地土壤结构较差的问题,采用一维定水头土柱模拟试验,探讨了不同有机物料(生物有机肥、粉碎秸秆、50%粉碎秸秆+50%生物有机肥、尿素、对照)对治沟造地土壤湿润锋推移、累积入渗量、入渗速率和土壤水分蒸发特征的影响,并采用Green-Ampt模型、Philip模型和Kostiakov模型拟合分析土壤水分入渗规律。结果表明:(1)粉碎秸秆与有机肥均降低了土壤水分移动速率,增强了土壤持水能力;粉碎秸秆同时降低了土壤稳定入渗速率,与对照相比减小了17.65%;(2)湿润锋推进深度与累积入渗量呈良好的线性关系;通过对3种入渗模型拟合发现,Philip模型和Kostiakov模型的拟合效果较好,符合黄土高原治沟造地土壤入渗率和时间的动态关系;(3)土壤水分蒸发过程中,添加粉碎秸秆具有阻截和蓄积土壤水分,提高土壤含水量的积极作用。     

海南胡椒种植基地土壤重金属评价及来源分析

在对海南省主要胡椒种植区-文昌、琼海两市种植地土壤重金属含量调查的基础上,采用单项污染指数法和综合污染指数法,结合绿色食品产地环境技术条件及土壤环境质量二级标准,对其重金属含量现状进行了评价;然后结合深层土壤、母质岩石样品及海南岛1:25万多目标区域地球化学调查成果,对其土壤重金属来源进行了综合分析。结果表明,相对所选标准,沉积砂岩区(F11~F13)、第四系松散沉积物区(F7、F14)和花岗岩区一种植地(F9)均符合绿色食品产地要求。玄武岩区(F1~F6)土壤Cu、Cr、Ni超标,花岗岩区另一种植地(F8)和变质岩区(F10)土壤Pb、As超标。综合分析结果显示,胡椒基地土壤环境质量整体良好,成土母质是土壤中重金属元素的主要控制因素,但部分种植地浅层土壤中Cd、Pb、As等重金属元素已受到人类活动的影响。     

Influence of larval transport and temperature on recruitment dynamics of North Sea cod (Gadus morhua) across spatial scales of observation

The survival of fish eggs and larvae, and therefore recruitment success, can be critically affected by transport in ocean currents. Combining a model of early‐life stage dispersal with statistical stock–recruitment models, we investigated the role of larval transport for recruitment variability across spatial scales for the population complex of North Sea cod (Gadus morhua). By using a coupled physical–biological model, we estimated the egg and larval transport over a 44‐year period. The oceanographic component of the model, capable of capturing the interannual variability of temperature and ocean current patterns, was coupled to the biological component, an individual‐based model (IBM) that simulated the cod eggs and larvae development and mortality. This study proposes a novel method to account for larval transport and success in stock–recruitment models: weighting the spawning stock biomass by retention rate and, in the case of multiple populations, their connectivity. Our method provides an estimate of the stock biomass contributing to recruitment and the effect of larval transport on recruitment variability. Our results indicate an effect, albeit small, in some populations at the local level. Including transport anomaly as an environmental covariate in traditional stock–recruitment models in turn captures recruitment variability at larger scales. Our study aims to quantify the role of larval transport for recruitment across spatial scales, and disentangle the roles of temperature and larval transport on effective connectivity between populations, thus informing about the potential impacts of climate change on the cod population structure in the North Sea.     

贵州省开阳县药用植物资源调查

为给开阳县中草药资源的利用及可持续发展提供科学依据,采用野外考察、标本采集、分类鉴定、民间采访与资料考证相结合的调查方法,基本摸清了开阳药用植物的种类、地理分布及民族用药情况。结果表明:开阳现有药用植物795种,其中,药用新资源33种,国家级或贵州保护药用植物9种,贵州特有种2种,少数民族药用植物226种。结论:开阳药用植物种类丰富,民族药种类较多,应在保护的前提下合理开发利用。     

滇池北岸蓝藻富集区浮游藻类多样性及主要污染因子时空变化研究

[目的]分析滇池北岸蓝藻富集区浮游藻类的多样性及主要污染因子的时空变化特征.[方法] 2007年1月～2011年12月,对滇池北岸蓝藻富集区的浮游藻类群落构成、叶绿素a、总氮、总磷浓度开展了逐月监测,分析浮游藻类多样性及水污染因子的时空变化.[结果]2007～2011年,滇池北岸蓝藻富集区浮游藻类属的多样性呈略微上升趋势,近岸区域属的多样性低于远岸区域;叶绿素a、总氮、总磷浓度近岸区域呈降低趋势,远岸区域呈略微升高趋势;叶绿素a、总氮、总磷浓度近岸区域高于远岸区域.[结论]该研究为滇池蓝藻水华控制及各项治理工作的成效评估提供了参考依据.