黄伞菌丝体碳氮源营养的研究

在碳源含量为1%、氮源含量为0.2%的培养基上,采用PDA平板固体培养方法,研究了黄伞对碳源、氮源的利用.试验结果表明,最适宜的碳源为葡萄糖,最适宜的氮源为蛋白胨、牛肉膏.黄伞菌丝营养对双糖、多糖的利用比单糖差,黄伞菌丝营养对有机氮的利用比无机氮强.     

阿勒泰羊生长速度与主要血液生化指标含量及尾脂Leptin基因表达关系

试验通过研究不同生长速度阿勒泰羊主要血液生化指标含量和尾脂中瘦素（Leptin）基因的表达水平,探讨阿勒泰羊生长速度与脂肪沉积之间的关系。选取300只出生时间相近的阿勒泰羊公羔,正常饲喂至6月龄,记录日增重,取平均日增重排前10%和后10%的公羔各30只,分为生长快速组（HBW）和生长慢速组（LBW）,从生长快速组随机选12只分为抑制生长组（饲喂低能量饲粮以抑制其生长,HBW-75%,n=6）和生长快速对照组（饲喂标准饲粮,HBW-100%,n=6）,生长慢速组随机选12只分为促进生长组（饲喂高能量饲粮以促进生长,LBW-125%,n=6）和生长慢速对照组（饲喂标准饲粮,LBW-100%,n=6）;预饲期7 d,正饲期30 d,试验结束后称重并采集血液,屠宰后采集尾部脂肪。检测血液TG、CK、TSH、T3、T4、S.S、GH、INS、PG、Leptin含量或活性及尾部脂肪Leptin mRNA和蛋白表达量,并观察尾部脂肪细胞形态学变化。结果显示,HBW-100%和LBW-100%组初体重与末体重均差异显著（P<0.05）,HBW-75%和HBW-100%组初体重与末体重均无显著差异（P>0.05）;LBW-100%和LBW-125%组初体重差异显著（P<0.05）,末体重无显著差异（P>0.05）。LBW-100%组的T4、S.S、Leptin、TSH、T3含量显著低于HBW-100%组（P<0.05）;LBW-125%组T3含量显著高于LBW-100%组（P<0.05）;HBW-75%组GH、PG和Leptin含量显著低于HBW-100%组（P<0.05）。LBW-125%组尾部脂肪细胞面积大于LBW-100%组,HBW-75%组小于HBW-100%组（P<0.05）。Leptin mRNA和蛋白表达量检测结果表明,HBW-100%组的Leptin mRNA表达量与LBW-100%组无显著差异（P>0.05）,Leptin蛋白表达量极显著高于LBW-100%组（P<0.01）。LBW-125%组Leptin mRNA和蛋白的表达量均显著高于LBW-100%组（P<0.05）。HBW-75%组Leptin mRNA的表达量极显著低于HBW-100%组（P<0.01）,Leptin蛋白表达量显著低于HBW-100%组（P<0.05）。综上所述,生长快速组与生长慢速组中,Leptin的表达量与体重和体脂有一定关联;在生长慢速组促进生长后体重和体脂显著增加,Leptin的表达量呈上升趋势;在生长快速组抑制生长后体重和体脂减少,Leptin的表达呈下降趋势。改变生长速度对Leptin的表达量会产生影响,从而改变机体的脂肪沉积状况。     

施用不同氮肥对盐碱地湖南稷子生产性能以及养分吸收的影响

为探讨盐碱地湖南稷子(Echinochloa frumentacea)高效生产的最佳施氮种类和施氮量,采用单因素随机区组设计,通过在湖南稷子拔节期设置不施肥(CK)、尿素和硫酸铵(N1,N2)轻施肥(F1:50 kg·hm^-2)、中施肥(F2:100 kg·hm^-2)、重施肥处理(F3:150 kg·hm^-2),研究不同氮肥和施氮水平下湖南稷子田间农艺性状、养分吸收及氮肥利用率的变化,探讨盐碱地湖南稷子实现高效生产的适宜氮肥和施氮量。结果表明：与对照相比,施氮量为F2和F3时能够显著提高盐碱地湖南稷子产量及氮磷钾吸收量(P<0.05),植株不同部位氮含量上升,施氮量F3时能够显著提高氮肥利用效率(P<0.05),且同一施氮量下追施硫酸铵后湖南稷子产量、养分吸收及氮肥利用率均高于尿素。综上所述,氮肥追施量在150 kg·hm^-2时,有利于盐碱地湖南稷子的产量的提升和养分的吸收,且同一条件下追施硫酸铵较追施尿素效果显著。     

饲粮蛋白质水平对早期断奶仔猪氮代谢的影响

选择30头28日龄断奶仔猪（平均体重4．5kg），研究饲粮粗蛋白质（CP）水平对早期断奶仔猪氮代谢的影响。结果显示：（1）饲粮CP水平分别与CP摄入量、CP表现消化率、可消化CP摄入量、未消化CP摄入量存在显著（P＜0．05）或极显著（P＜0．01）的正相关；（2）CP真消化率不受饲粮CP水平的影响，两者的相关关系不显著（P＞0．05）；（3）仔猪内源粪氮排泄量为0．22g／日，内源粪氮占干物质摄入量的比值为2．6g／kg；（4）饲粮CP水平分别与盲肠内容物中挥发性盐基氮（VBN）和氨氮（AN）含量的相关关系不显著（P＞0．05），但饲粮CP水平分别与结肠内容物中VBN和AN含量存在显著（P＜0．05）的正相关；（5）饲粮CP水平分别与血浆VBN和尿素氮含量存在显著（P＜0．05）和极显著（P＜0．01）的正相关，但血浆AN含量则不受饲粮CP水平的影响，两者的相关关系不显著（P＞0．05）。结果表明，随着饲粮CP水平升高，CP的真消化率不变，进入大肠的蛋白质量增加，结肠内蛋白质的腐败作用增强，血中含氮代谢产物增多。     

脂肪与肥胖相关基因对动物脂肪代谢的调节

脂肪与肥胖相关(fat mass and obesity associated,FTO)基因是一种与普通肥胖相关的等位基因,该基因导致的肥胖是21世纪世界各国面临的最大公共卫生挑战之一。FTO基因与机体的普通肥胖有着密切的关系,而且与脂肪沉积和脂肪代谢相关激素及基因的表达有关。本文综述了FTO基因在脂肪细胞分化和脂肪代谢中的作用,揭示了FTO基因对脂肪沉积的影响,为深入研究动物脂肪代谢的机制提供理论基础。     

Proteomics analysis of preadipocytes between fat and lean broilers

ABSTRACT

1. Reducing excessive chicken body fat deposition is a main goal of the poultry industry. Preadipocytes are important in adipose tissue growth and development.

2. To discover proteins related to chicken fat deposition, two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in preadipocytes derived from Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content (NEAUHLF).

3. A total of 46 differentially expressed protein spots were found in the preadipocytes between fat and lean broilers. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis showed the protein spots corresponded to 33 different proteins. The proteins were mainly related to biological oxidation, cell proliferation, cytoskeleton, lipid metabolism, molecular chaperone, protein synthesis and signal transduction.

4. From the perspective of protein expression, these results lay a foundation for further study of the genetic mechanism of broiler adipose tissue growth and development.     

供磷水平对‘热研5号'柱花草-根瘤菌共生体系的影响

为研究不同供磷水平对热研5号柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis‘Reyan No.5')-根瘤菌共生体系的影响,利用水培试验对接种7株不同根瘤菌的柱花草进行3个磷浓度的处理,通过对柱花草干重、植株含氮量、根瘤数、固氮酶活性的测定及分析确定磷对共生体系的影响。结果表明:低磷不利于柱花草及根瘤菌共生体系的生长;菌株YM11-1,FS3-1-1在高磷时固氮促生效果最佳,菌株LZ3 2,RJS9-2,BS1-1,CJ1则在中等磷条件下固氮促生效果最佳,磷对菌株PN13-3的影响不大。     

驴内脏组织中脂肪沉积相关基因的差异表达

脂肪沉积相关基因在动物内脏中的异常表达与某些疾病相关。应用RT-qPCR技术分别检测2岁~3岁健康公、母新疆驴内脏器官心、脾、肾、肝、小肠、大肠和肺中脂肪沉积相关基因H-FABP、PLIN1、LPL、HSL、PPARγ和FASN的表达差异。结果显示,新疆驴内脏器官中脂肪沉积相关基因的表达,性别对基因的差异表达影响较小;在各组织间,H-FABP基因在心脏、PLIN1基因在肝脏组织中的表达都显著的高于其他组织;LPL、HSL基因在心脏、肾脏的表达量较高;PPARγ基因在脾、肺中表达最高,而FASN基因在心、脾中表达最低。研究结果可为新疆驴内脏器官有关疾病的监测与预防提供一定的参考。     

氮沉降对植物-丛枝菌根共生体影响的研究进展

氮沉降是影响陆地生态系统的重要环境因子。丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)作为一种能够与绝大多数植物共生并广泛存在的土壤微生物,对植物生长、养分吸收以及抗逆性等均具有重要的调节作用,而针对氮沉降对植物-丛枝菌根共生体影响的研究往往被忽视。基于此,笔者从氮沉降对菌根侵染特性、菌根多样性、菌根对宿主植物生长发育、氮代谢、磷吸收以及对宿主植物生物多样性影响等方面进行了归纳总结,并提出应重点关注的研究方向,旨为菌根生理生态学的研究提供一定的科学依据。     

Influence of amount and type of dietary fat on deposition, adipocyte count and iodine number of abdominal fat in broiler chickens

This study described the relation between the type and amount of dietary fat on the deposition of abdominal fat by broiler chickens. It was hypothesized that at higher fat intakes, the well-known lowering effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the deposition of abdominal fat would be diminished. Experimental diets were formulated to contain three levels of added fat (3%, 6% and 9%). Each level had different proportions of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) by installing the ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 with the use of tallow and soybean oil. Arbor Acres chicks, aged 7 days, were fed one of the 15 experimental diets until they were aged 42 days. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. There was no systematic effect of the dietary fat type and the amount on the weight gain and the feed intake. The lowest SFA:UFA ratio of 1:5 produced the lowest feed conversion rates, irrespective of the amount of the fat in the diet. The abdominal fat deposition was similar in the birds fed on diets containing either 3% or 6% added fat, but deposition was lower than in those fed 9% fat. A decrease in the SFA:UFA ratio of the diet was associated with a dose-dependent decrease in abdominal fat, irrespective of the amount of fat in the diet. This observation leads to the rejection of the hypothesis stated above. A decrease in the dietary SFA:UFA from 1:1 to 1:4 caused a decrease in the number of the fat cells per surface unit of breast meat. It is concluded that an increased intake of soybean oil at the expense of tallow reduced the abdominal fat deposition and the number of fat cells in the breast meat of broiler chickens.