抗生素对不同基因型矮牵牛分化及再生的影响

以矮牵牛4个品种美声晨光、黄金肉红、珊瑚红、黄金紫罗兰星条为试材,分别以卡那霉素Kan和头孢霉素Cef为选择抗生素和抑菌剂,研究不同浓度抗生素对叶片不定芽再生和试管苗生根的影响,分别筛选出适宜的抗生素浓度。结果表明：30mg/L Kan可以抑制叶片不定芽再生,50mg/L Kan条件下,无不定芽再生。低浓度Kan即可抑制试管苗不定根再生,30mg/L Kan条件下试管苗不再生根。550mg/L Cef条件下,叶片不定芽再生受到抑制,而试管苗生根的适宜Cef浓度是400mg/L Cef。     

不结球白菜苏州青子叶离体分化

以不结球白菜品种苏州青的子叶为外植体 ,研究了苗龄、培养基、生长调节剂与硝酸银浓度等因子对其不定芽分化频率的影响。结果表明 ,在MN +TDZ (2mg·L-1) +NAA (0 5mg·L-1)条件下 ,苏州青的子叶分化率最高 ,达36 7% ;最佳苗龄为 7d ;硝酸银的最佳质量浓度为 7 5mg·L-1。     

Lentivirus-mediated calcitonin gene-related peptide transfection enhances endothelial differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

AIM：To study the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) gene transfection mediated by lentivirus on the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to endothelial cells. METHODS：Rat bone marrow MSCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation combined with adherence method. Recombinant lentivirus vector carrying CGRP gene (Lenti-CGRP) was transfected into the MSCs. The secretion of CGRP in culture supernatants of the transfected MSCs was detected using ELISA method. The cells at passage 3 were divided into three groups: CGRP group (MSCs transfected with Lenti-CGRP), CGRP+CGRP8-37 (an antagonist of CGRP receptor) group and control group (MSCs transfected with PBS). The differentiation of the MSCs was detected by immunocytochemical staining for CD31 and factor Ⅷ-related antigen. The proliferation of the cells was measured by cell counting, and the angiogenic ability of the cells was analyzed using Matrigel assay. RESULTS：The proportion of CD31-and factor Ⅷ-related antigen-positive cells in CGRP and CGRP+CGRP8-37 groups was larger than that in control group (P<0.05). The numbers of the cells in CGRP and CGRP+CGRP8-37 groups were significantly increased compared with control group (P<0.05). Lumen-like structures were observed in CGRP and CGRP+CGRP8-37 groups. The above indexes in CGRP+CGRP8-37 group were reduced compared with CGRP group. CONCLUSION: Transfection with CGRP gene induces rat bone marrow MSCs to differentiate into endothelial cells and enhances their proliferation, suggesting that CGRP may play a role in the regulation of angiogenesis.     

鸡胚原始生殖细胞定向诱导分化成骨细胞的研究

探讨体外培养的鸡胚胎原始生殖细胞(EPGCs)的多向分化潜能。分别从发育至19期和28期的鸡胚胎性腺中获取EPGCs,体外培养传代。通过地塞米松、β-甘油磷酸钠和维生素C诱导EPGCs向成骨细胞分化,分别进行碱性磷酸酶改良钙钴法染色鉴定、钙结节Von Kossa's染色鉴定和免疫组化鉴定。结果表明:EPGCs被诱导21 d后,定向分化成成骨细胞,诱导率达到80%,碱性磷酸酶改良钙钴法染色、钙结节Von Kossa's染色和免疫组化鉴定均呈阳性,阳性率为75%-85%。由此可得出在诱导条件下,EPGCs体外可定向诱导分化为成骨细胞。     

2个荔枝品种花芽分化期碳氮营养的变化

比较分析妃子笑和鹅蛋荔（Litchi chinensis Sonn．cv．Feizixiao＆Edan）2个荔枝栽培品种花芽分化过程中不同方位、不同部位枝条顶芽和花穗中碳氮化合物（C／N）比的动态变化。结果表明：荔枝花芽分化期间不同方位、小同部位、不同品种荔枝花芽分化期问枝条顶芽中在C／N比差片均达极显著;妃子笑的C／N比在前5个阶段均高于鹅蛋荔,只在第6阶段（开花期）低于鹅蛋荔;C／N比反映枝条顶芽和花穗的营养积累情况,比值较高有利于荔枝花芽分化。     

西安市化肥施用面源污染环境风险评价研究

专项定量评估化肥施用面源污染环境风险,精准识别化肥施用面源污染高风险区域,进而制定有效措施,对面源污染管控工作至关重要。利用西安市1991-2018年化肥施用相关统计数据,全面分析了全市化肥施用时序演变和空间分异特征,并评价了化肥施用面源污染环境风险程度。结果表明：西安市化肥施用量在经历1991-2014年的快速增长后,于2015-2018年出现“四连降”;氮磷钾化肥施用结构比例由1991的1∶0.24∶0.13逐步调整为2018年的1∶0.34∶0.37;1991-2018年间化肥施用强度随时间递增趋势明显,2018年化肥施用强度为1991年的3.60倍;化肥施用环境风险整体增大趋势明显,总肥风险已由1991年的“尚安全”程度上升为2018年的“重度风险”程度。西安市化肥施用面源污染环境风险空间差异明显,其中长安区为“低度风险”区域,临潼区、高陵区和鄠邑区为“中度风险”区域,灞桥区、阎良区和蓝田县为“重度风险”区域,未央区和周至县为“严重风险”区域。在确保农作物产量基础上,西安市应从施肥技术、科技攻关、政策法规等层面入手,制定有效管控措施。     

高羊茅幼穗分化过程及开花习性的观察

为阐明高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)的生殖生长过程,2008年4月下旬对高羊茅幼穗分化过程和开花习性进行观察。结果表明:高羊茅幼穗分化是一个连续的过程,可分为苞原基分化期,1次枝梗原基分化期,2、3次枝梗原基分化期、小穗及小花原基分化期、雌雄蕊形成期5个时期;高羊茅开花的规律性很强,总穗轴最上部的小穗最先开花,然后向下进行,基部小穗最后开花;每个枝梗最上部的小穗最先开花,其次是该枝梗基部小穗开花,然后向上进行,上部数第2个小穗最后开花;小穗则是基部小花最先开放,然后向上顺序开放。     

Genetic variation ofAlnus trabeculosa populations in Japan

Alnus trabeculosa Hand.-Mazz. is classed as “near threatened,” and efforts should be made to conserve the species, but effective action would require understanding of its genetic variation and structure. Therefore, the genetic variation at 12 isozyme loci was examined in seven populations of the species in Japan. The expected heterozygosity within species (H _es=0.222) and the expected heterozygosity within populations (H _ep=0.199) were found to be slightly higher than in most other woody species. The coefficient of genetic differentiation (G _ST=0.146) was also high. The northernmost population had the lowest values for almost all measures of genetic variation, and populations in southern Japan tended to show greater within-population variation than those in northern Japan. The level and distribution of genetic variation in this species might be related to its life history and ecological traits, and distribution history.     

石竹花芽发生与内源多胺含量的关系

以石竹叶片为外植体,诱导愈伤组织、营养芽、花芽的培养基分别为ＭＳ＋ＺＴ２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋２,４－Ｄ０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ;ＭＳ＋ＺＴ１ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＢＡ２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ;ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ。在石竹离体叶花芽形成过程中,内源多胺含量呈不同的变化趋势,腐胺、亚精胺含量上升,而二丙胺、精胺含量下降,表明多胺与石竹离体叶花芽分化有明显的内在联系。     

生长分化因子9在兔卵巢中的免疫组织化学定位

［目的］探讨生长分化因子9（GDF9）在兔卵巢卵泡发生过程中的调控机制。［方法］采用免疫组织化学方法测定GDF9蛋白在兔卵巢中的表达定位情况。［结果］GDF9在原始卵泡中没有表达;在初级卵泡、次级卵泡和有腔卵泡卵母细胞及有腔卵泡颗粒细胞、透明带及卵泡液中均检测到GDF9蛋白;在黄体中也有GDF9的表达。［结论］GDF9不仅是卵母细胞分泌因子,而且是颗粒细胞的分泌因子,其表达随兔卵巢中卵泡发生呈时空动态变化,在兔卵巢卵泡发生过程中发挥了重要作用,参与了黄体活动的调节。