天津鸟类新记录

报道了2个天津鸟类新记录种:黄嘴白鹭Egrettaeulophotes和黑翅鸢ElanuscaerhleusVociferous。另附录了天津新记录种29种,建议加强对它们的调查和保护。     

北京绿化隔离地区鸟类群落与环境因子关系研究

于2003年7月至2005年7月采用样线或样方法对北京市绿化隔离地区3种绿地体系中21个样地内鸟类群落、节肢动物种类多样性与绿地植被组成进行了调查,共记录到鸟类131种、节肢动物278种、植物269种. 通过对不同绿地体系内鸟类群落与节肢动物种类多样性、植被结构关系的分析,探讨了城市绿地植被与节肢动物群落对城市鸟类群落结构及多样性的影响. 结果表明,鸟类种类及其多样性与栖息地多样性、植物种类、绿化面积或绿化宽度以及节肢动物种类之间均呈正相关关系. 鸟类密度与公园水域面积之间呈负相关关系. 由于植被组成、绿化面积等方面的差异,不同功能的绿地体系内鸟类群落与栖息地环境因子的相互关系有所不同.      

Breeding and post-breeding responses of woodland birds to modification of habitat structure by deer

Birds in woodland can be affected by increasing deer populations through changes to vegetation structure and potential impacts on foraging resources; these effects need to be better understood. Effects of deer browsing are reported from a replicated split-plot exclusion experiment in English coppiced woodland. All stages of growth were examined up to eight years after felling. We used standardised mist-netting (totaling 1920 h) to sample birds in breeding and post-breeding periods. Deer browsing strongly altered vegetation structure by reducing canopy cover and shrub layer foliage density. However deer did not affect invertebrate density per unit of foliage, providing no evidence of an ungulate-mediated plant chemical response affecting forage quality for invertebrate herbivores. At avian guild level, significantly more ground and understorey foraging birds were captured where deer were excluded, and negative responses to browsing were more marked for pooled migrants than pooled residents. At the species level, especially pronounced negative effects were evident for dunnock (Prunella modularis) and garden warbler (Sylvia borin); approximately five times more dunnocks were captured in deer exclosures than in browsed vegetation. We also detected negative responses to browsing by nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) and long-tailed tit (Aegithalos caudatus). No significant positive responses to browsing were detected. For some species the use of young re-growth increased post breeding relative to the breeding period, including a marked shift by pooled residents that involved a disproportionate number of juveniles. Previous studies in North America have shown that, through vegetation modification, ungulate activity can alter woodland bird assemblages; as far as we are aware this is the first experimental demonstration of effects in Europe, and at low to moderate browsing intensity typical of the wider landscape scale.     

油菜花期性状与经济性状的相关性

通过对２０个油菜品种花器大小或多少与经济性状、主茎绿叶数、５ｃｍ和１０ｃｍ长以上分枝数与有效分枝的变异和相关分析表明：花蕾的长与果长，每果粒数和花瓣宽，花瓣长与每果粒数，花瓣宽与每果粒数，着花密度与着果密度，主序蕾数与主序果数，主茎绿叶数、５ｃｍ和１０ｃｍ长以上分枝数与有效分枝数，呈显著或极显著正相关，花期对这些性状的选择极为有效．     

The possible impact of climatic change on the avian community of dune ecosystems

The possible effects of climatic change for the avifauna in the dunes, especially in the Netherlands, were analyzed with two different approaches. It is concluded that although there will be an influence on most species, only three or four species may be threatened, whereas two species may even benefit from the possible changes.     

Temporal effects of 3 commonly used anticoagulants on hematologic and biochemical variables in blood samples from macaws and Burmese pythons

BACKGROUND: Few studies have been done to evaluate anticoagulants for use with blood samples from birds and reptiles. Heparin currently is the most commonly used anticoagulant in practice, but may adversely affect blood cell staining and quantitation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of lithium heparin, K3-EDTA, and sodium citrate, with and without the addition of albumin, on hematologic variables in macaw (Ara sp) and python (Python molurus bivittatus) blood samples. METHODS: Blood samples from 10 macaws and 10 Burmese pythons were collected in heparin-coated syringes and placed into tubes containing either lithium heparin, K3-EDTA, or sodium citrate with and without the addition of 0.25 mL of a 22% bovine serum albumin solution. Cell lysis was determined by counting the number of lysed cells/200 WBCs in Wright's-Giemsa-stained blood smears and by qualitative evaluation of pink plasma in microhematocrit tubes. A CBC was done after 3, 12, and 24 hours of storage at 4 degrees C in anticoagulant-containing tubes and results were compared with those obtained at 0 hour for the heparin-coated syringe sample. A biochemical panel also was done at each time point in similarly stored lithium-heparin samples. RESULTS: Hemolysis was significantly increased in citrated samples from both macaws and pythons beginning at 12 hours. At 24 hours, 19 of 30 (63%) macaw samples in all anticoagulants had >100 lysed cells/200 WBCs. There were no significant differences in hematologic values in samples from pythons collected in heparin or EDTA at any time point. No significant differences were found in the number of lysed cells or in other hematologic data in samples with albumin. Glucose concentration decreased and potassium concentration increased significantly over time in heparinized blood samples. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, whole blood samples anticoagulated with lithium heparin or EDTA should be evaluated within 12 hours (macaws) or 24 hours (pythons) of collection and stored at 4 degrees C for best results. Citrate should be avoided as it may result in increased cell lysis. The addition of albumin does not prevent cell lysis.     

黑龙江省亚洲飞蝗发生状况及生长积温和取食量研究

为预测亚洲飞蝗的发生期和判断其危害程度,对其生长积温和取食量进行了研究.结果表明:一至五龄的蝗虫生长积温和取食量分别为351.13、306.79、340.92、399.00、470.24℃和5.46、8.91、14.40、27.44、56.32 g ;最佳防治时期为取食量小的一、二龄期;亚洲飞蝗的卵在-29.9℃可以成功越冬,在翌年继续发生;2011年,亚洲飞蝗在黑龙江省没有大面积发生.     

鄂西野三河自然保护区鸟类资源调查报告

通过实地踏查、定点观察并广泛收集历史资料,初步确定鄂西野三河自然保护区有鸟类208种,其中国家重点Ⅰ、Ⅱ级保护鸟类21种,湖北省省级保护鸟类39种,“三有”鸟类97种,被列入中国濒危动物红皮书的鸟类19种.统计分析重要值I.V.和分布系数ADC,保护区最重要的鸟类有6种,比较重要的鸟类有14种;广性分布的鸟类有21种,中性分布的鸟类有37种.     

毛细管柱气相色谱法测定驱鸟剂中邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯

用色谱级无水乙醇超声萃取驱鸟剂中邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯,毛细管柱气相色谱法测定,试验结果表明,其相关系数为0.999 8,超声萃取效率达到87.8%以上,方法简单、准确、灵敏度高。     

河南省柞蚕区食蚕鸟类的生物学调查与防御措施

通过近五年在我省柞蚕区的调查,河南有食蚕鸟类20余种。调查了对柞蚕危害较重的几种鸟的形态特征及生活习性,并根据基本活动规律,制订了相应防御措施。