南涧凤凰山2018—2022 年秋季环志雀形目鸟类多样性

以凤凰山鸟类环志站2018—2022年秋季环志雀形目鸟类为研究对象,对其科数、属数、种数和个体数量变化情况以及不同年份多样性、相似性等进行分析。结果表明,5年间共环志雀形目鸟类126种5 084 只,隶属于24科55属,优势种为红喉姬鹟(18.04%)、红喉歌鸲(8.95%)、红尾伯劳(7.30%)、蓝歌鸲(7.02%)、树鹨(5.47%)、黑胸鸫(5.19%)6 种;鸟类多样性指数H为3.428 4,均匀度指数J为0.708 9,优势度指数C为0.064 3,集中度指数C⁴为0.413 1,D^F指数为9.448 5,D^G指数为3.728 3,G-F指数为0.605 4,不同年度间多样性、均匀度等各项指数差异较小;相似性系数最高为0.761 9,最低为0.686 4,不同年度间相似性程度较高,说明不同年度迁徙途径凤凰山雀形目鸟类种类组成总体比较稳定;国家二级重点保护野生鸟类6种,列入《中国脊椎动物红色名录》鸟类8种。为更好地保护好迁徙途径凤凰山的鸟类,提出保护和管理建议。     

Research effort allocation and the conservation of restricted-range island bird species

Knowledge gap analyses can be useful to highlight imbalances in research and to improve the distribution of conservation research efforts. We used ISI’s Web of Knowledge (WoK) and BirdLife International’s library catalogue (BLI) to examine the allocation of research effort amongst the extinction-prone island restricted-range birds (RRSs, n = 1321) and the island endemic bird areas and secondary areas (EBAs, n = 108; SAs, n = 58) previously identified by BirdLife International. We found that the distribution of research effort was very uneven across both species and areas. Half of the number of outputs obtained from WoK referred to 3.1% of the island restricted-range bird species and to 4.8% of the endemic bird areas and secondary areas, whereas 52.2% of the species and 34.3% of the areas had no output. The global distribution of research had a strong spatial component, with a limited number of places receiving most of the research efforts (Hawaii, New Zealand, Central America), while many species rich areas were very poorly studied (South East Asia, South Pacific, most Atlantic islands). Research amongst the most threatened RRSs tended to be less biased, with these species having a higher probability of having at least one output from WoK than less threatened species. Given that threats to the conservation of biodiversity are often highly context-dependent, we advocate prioriting the study of poorly known species and regions. Finally, we integrate the knowledge gaps we identify with previously established conservation priorities, in order to prioritize for future conservation research on RRS, EBAs and SAs.     

广东象头山自然保护区鸟类多样性及保护管理对策

广东象头山国家级自然保护区现有记录的鸟类有184种,隶属13目37科.文章结合象头山自然保护区野生鸟类的监测数据,对保护区内的鸟类多样性组成、区系特征、资源现状、受威胁原因等进行了分析,并提出了相应的保护管理建议.     

柳州白莲机场鸟类威胁及鸟击防范对策

为了预防和控制鸟击事故,保证民航飞行安全,采用样带调查和样点观察法对柳州白莲机场及周边地区的鸟类进行12个月的调查。结果表明,柳州白莲机场及周边地区影响民航飞行的鸟类有32科93种,在整个锥形面内对飞机飞行构成危险的鸟类主要有：白鹭、黑翅鸢、红隼、家燕、金腰燕、小云雀。根据各种鸟类习性及其栖息生境的特点,提出了相关的生态环境治理和人工驱鸟措施。     

Economic weed control with grass carp

Abstract

Conventional methods of aquatic weed control meet increasing objections on economic and/or environmental grounds. An alternative approach is the use of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.), a herbivorous fish. This biological method has mainly been used in Europe and the USA, but since 1976 an Egyptian‐Dutch project has studied the potential of this approach for the Egyptian irrigation systems. All aspects of the production and use of grass carp have been studied and evaluated, Egyptian personnel have been trained, a large‐scale breeding station has been established and practical use of the technique has begun. The programme has shown that a stocked grass carp population not only provides effective weed control, but it also increases the protein production in Egyptian waterways substantially. If managed well, this production can provide continuous revenues that far outweigh the costs of weed control. The necessary management techniques developed are mainly based on yearly restocking with grass carp and cooperation between irrigation authorities and professional fishermen. The experience described in this paper will be of interest to many other countries.     

长江流域鱼类洄游通道恢复对策研究

论述了鱼类洄游通道恢复的理论基础,我国鱼类洄游通道恢复的历史和现状,并分析了长江流域鱼类洄游通道阻隔现状及其对鱼类资源的影响。在此基础上提出了长江流域鱼类洄游通道恢复的对策:制定鱼类洄游通道恢复规划;建立鱼类洄游通道恢复的相关法律体系和协调机制;开展鱼类洄游通道恢复关键技术研究;加强鱼类洄游通道恢复研究能力建设,建立科学的技术支撑体系。     

施钾对油菜分枝生产力及籽粒品质的影响

在有效钾水平较低的砂质壤土上进行不同钾肥用量及施用方法试验,并测定了油菜植株不同节位分枝的籽粒产量、产量构成因素及籽粒品质。结果表明：①施钾可显著提高油菜籽粒产量,并改变籽粒产量在主花序及分枝间的分配比例;②油菜不同节位分枝生产力对钾肥的反应不同,钾肥主要提高中、下位分枝的生产力,并缩小分枝间生产力的差距,而对主序及上位分枝的生产力作用较小甚至有一定程度的消弱作用;③施钾数主要提高了分枝的角果数,对千粒重作用较小,对每角粒数有一定的负效应;④施钾可明显提高籽粒含油率,对脂肪酸组成影响很小,但有提高芥酸含量的趋势;⑤分期施钾提高分枝生产力的效果优于一次性基施。     

沾益海峰自然保护区鸟类资源及其保护与开发利用对策

迄今为止 ,沾益海峰自然保护区及其周围邻近地区共记录鸟类 16 8种 ,隶属 18目 ,4 5科 ,另 4亚科。其中森林生境类型鸟类 71种 ,占 4 2 2 % ;田园村寨生境类型鸟类 4 8种 ,占 2 8 6 % ;河流水域生境类型鸟类 4 9种 ,占 2 9 2 %。对其主要农林益鸟、经济资源鸟类和国家重点保护鸟类进行资源评价。并提出了今后保护对策和合理开发利用措施。     

湖北仙桃沙湖湿地自然保护区夏季鸟类群落结构及多样性分析

2006年6月对湖北仙桃沙湖湿地自然保护区的夏季鸟类群落结构进行了调查,调查结果：共记录鸟类56种,隶属于12目28科,有国家Ⅱ级保护动物3种,湖北省重点保护动物21种,列入《中国濒危动物红皮书》中的稀有鸟类1种,易危鸟类1种．该保护区夏季鸟类以东洋界成分为主,鸟类密度为6．85只／hm^2,4种不同生境的物种多样性指数是：树林（2．6570）〉芦苇（2．4095）〉水域（2．2713）〉农田（1．8697）,均匀度指数依次是：树林（0．8569）〉水域（0．8387）〉芦苇（0．7582）〉农田（0．7524）,树林生境中物种多样性和均匀度均最高．     

CHLAMYDIA AVIUM DETECTION FROM A RING-NECKED PARAKEET (PSITTACULA KRAMERI) IN FRANCE

The crossing of host species barriers, through the spreading populations of introduced pet animals that become established in the wild, sets the stage for zoonotic pathogen (re)emergence. A literature review on pathogens that are hosted by the ring-necked parakeet (Psittacula krameri), a worldwide introduced pet, highlighted local infections of captive birds by chlamydial agents with high sanitary risk for human health in its introduced range. We searched for these pathogens through cloacal swabs collected from 85 individuals in an invasive population established in the suburban areas of Paris (Ile-de-France) from 5 localities during the winter seasons between 2011 and 2014. Based on quantitative PCR analysis, Chlamydiaceae shedding was detected at too low levels for species identification in 5 birds, but 1 parakeet (found dead) was positive for Chlamydiaceae typed as Chlamydia avium. The only known hosts recorded for C. avium in Europe are feral pigeons (Columba livia) and captive psittacines. This result raises the question of the sanitary risks associated with new pathogen transmission from exotic pets released in the wild, which could locally affect birds and potentially people who feed birds.