Influence of seasonal, diel, lunar, and other environmental factors on upstream fish passage in the Igarapava Fish Ladder, Brazil

Abstract –  Upstream fish passage was evaluated during 12 months in the vertical-slot Igarapava Fish Ladder constructed around Igarapava Dam, in the heavily dammed Grande River, Southeast Brazil. A video monitoring system was used to observe 61,621 fish that passed the ladder, of which 93.5% were identified to 15 taxa. Among the migratory species, the most abundant were Pimelodus maculatus (33.6% of all fish), Leporinus octofasciatus (31.4%), Leporinus friderici (4.5%), and Prochilodus lineatus (3.1%). Seven taxa were classified as nonmigratory, and of these taxa, the small Bryconamericus stramineus was the most abundant (12.7%) of all fishes. Passage of the 'nonmigratory' taxa upstream in the ladder shows they are migratory in this system and have a strong behavioural drive to move to upstream habitat. Passage of most taxa had a strong seasonal pattern. While some species passed primarily during the day, others showed a distinct nocturnal pattern. Lunar phase and water temperature also strongly affected passage of some taxa. Rainfall and dam discharge had a small or null influence on most taxa; perhaps due to the fairly small catchment area of the reservoir and the highly regulated discharge at Igarapava Dam.     

Alternative migratory strategies are widespread in subyearling Chinook salmon

Variation in life history traits within and across species is known to reflect adaptations to different environmental drivers through a diversity of mechanisms. Trait variation can also help buffer species and populations against extinction in fluctuating environments and against anthropogenic disturbances. Here, we examine the distribution and drivers of Ocean‐type Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) juvenile migratory life histories. We defined alternative migratory strategies according to whether individuals reared in the stream (natal rearing) or left shortly after hatching to rear elsewhere (non‐natal rearing). We then evaluated the frequency of migratory strategies across 16 populations with time series extending up to 25 years and evaluated the environmental variables that influenced variation in migration strategy. We found bimodal migration patterns and abrupt transitions in migrant sizes across all populations, supporting the widespread nature of alternative migratory strategies. Additionally, we found that the amount of freshwater rearing habitat available to juveniles, relative juvenile density and spring flow patterns significantly influenced the overall migration pattern for populations. Smaller streams and higher conspecific densities generally produced more non‐natal rearing migrants and larger streams and lower conspecific densities producing more natal rearing migrants. Our results shed light on previously unexplored patterns of juvenile migratory strategies and encourage broader consideration for how current conservation actions perform at protecting juvenile migratory diversity.     

北京海淀区樱桃园鸟害调查

为了进一步了解樱桃园鸟害发生的特点和规律,选取了北京海淀区西北部的两处樱桃园,采用样线和样点结合的方法进行了调查,对调查结果和危害特点进行了总结。危害樱桃园的鸟类主要是喜鹊、麻雀和灰喜鹊。危害程度依果园地形和果实特点等的差异而不同。     

Genetic characterization of H9N2 avian influenza virus previously unrecognized in Korea

In this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of previously unreported Y280-lineage H9N2 viruses from two live bird markets in Korea in June 2020. Genetic analysis revealed that they were distinct from previous H9N2 viruses circulating in Korea and had highest homology to A/chicken/Shandong/1844/2019(H9N2) viruses. Their genetic constellation showed they belonged to genotype S, which is the predominant genotype in China since 2010, where genotype S viruses have infected humans and acted as internal gene donors to H5 and H7 zoonotic influenza viruses. Active surveillance and control measures need to be enhanced to protect the poultry industry and public health.     

北京南海子麋鹿苑夏季鸟类群落特征研究

对北京南海子麋鹿苑的野生鸟类种类和数量进行调查,结果表明,夏季有鸟类47种,隶属于13目23科.鸟类资源丰富,其中受保护鸟类46种,占97.9%;国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类4种,具有较高的保护价值.雀型目鸟类无论在种类还是在数量上都占绝对优势,占鸟类组成的83%.区系特征以古北界和广布种鸟类为主.在生境物种丰富度上以水域生境鸟类种类最多,为36种.夏季鸟类的多样性指数为2.866 5,均匀度指数为0.189 0.     

中国候鸟的环志研究和在亚太地区的地位

中国环志五年来,已建环志站点45处,累计环志放飞鸟类达186种、37060只。同期回收到国内外环志鸟171只、计57种。来自7个国家和地区的环志鸟提供了候鸟跨亚洲—澳洲、亚洲—欧洲迁徙途径,以及候鸟飞越喜马拉雅山脉迁徙的证据,解释了历史上对此问题的疑点。中国的复杂生态环境和地理位置、已知候鸟迁徙于中国与各洲之间的信息、中国与亚太地区24个国家和地区相同种候鸟的分析统计情况表明:中国大陆作为东亚与北亚、南亚次大陆、澳、美、欧、南太平洋之间候鸟迁徙终端的夏候鸟繁殖地、冬候鸟越冬地以及旅鸟的停息地的国家,对于研究亚太地区候鸟迁徙规律,对于研究各国环志鸟信息的回收和繁殖生态特点、生存率及其他生态生物学信息的收集都起着重要作用。     

中国西南山茶科3种植物鸟类传粉研究初报

鸟类是植物传粉的一个重要补充部分,有关鸟类传粉的研究主要集中在3个特别重要的传粉鸟类群[蜂鸟科(Trochilidae)、太阳鸟科(Nectariniidae)和吸蜜鸟科(Meliphagidae)]上[1]。相比之下,由于缺乏特化的鸟和花的协同进化关系,欧亚大陆温带和亚热带地区的鸟类传粉现象很大程度上被忽略了[2]。尽管欧洲发现了最早的传粉鸟化石,但在欧洲和亚洲喜马拉雅山以北地区几乎没有鸟类传粉的     

东白山自然保护区鸟类资源调查

根据调查,东白山自然保护区有鸟类122种,隶属15目36科,占全省鸟类总数的29.47%.其中被列入国家一、二级保护的鸟类有19种,占区内鸟类总数的15.70%.     

沾益海峰自然保护区鸟类资源及其保护与开发利用对策

迄今为止 ,沾益海峰自然保护区及其周围邻近地区共记录鸟类 16 8种 ,隶属 18目 ,4 5科 ,另 4亚科。其中森林生境类型鸟类 71种 ,占 4 2 2 % ;田园村寨生境类型鸟类 4 8种 ,占 2 8 6 % ;河流水域生境类型鸟类 4 9种 ,占 2 9 2 %。对其主要农林益鸟、经济资源鸟类和国家重点保护鸟类进行资源评价。并提出了今后保护对策和合理开发利用措施。