A dermoid of the eye in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva)

A corneo-conjunctival dermoid is reported in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot ( Amazona aestiva ). After laminar keratectomy, histology showed the epidermis with feather follicles and dermal connective tissue with lymph follicles and sebaceous glands.     

Washington Update

Opportunities and change continue to occur at an accelerating rate. The exotic Newcastle disease (END) crisis in the traditional commercial industry led to a related problem for game bird producers due to confusion in defining a game bird, which is also a commercial venture. Time spent planning rather than reacting to situations is often a luxury but must be moved to a higher priority. One example is the Triennial Extension Workshop, which is proposed to become a biennial event. We continue to develop and implement innovative programs based on relevance to animal agriculture and societal requirements. As a team, we have achieved an excellent synergy and impressive results through our cooperation and networking. A special award is provided to an extension person each year to ensure contributions are recognized that might otherwise be overlooked. The Texture Technologies Corporation Support Personnel Award is new this year and recognizes the essential contributions of farm, laboratory, and other personnel. Also, the American Poultry Historical Society (APHS) continues to recognize career contributions to the poultry system through the Hall of Fame. As always, anyone wishing to be part of program planning and development is welcome. If you are not called, take the initiative and volunteer.     

山东省野鸟栖息地情况调研

2021年1月,山东省东营市发生天鹅H5N8亚型高致病性禽流感疫情,给山东省禽流感疫情防控与净化带来了极大挑战.为了解山东省野鸟栖息地及野鸟分布信息,采用问卷调查方式,对山东省野鸟栖息地类型、分布、野鸟种类以及迁徙时间等进行调研.同时,采集野鸟粪便,用荧光定量RT-PCR或PCR方法进行H5亚型禽流感、新城疫、 鸭瘟、...     

Bird flu (H7N9) outbreak and its implications on the supply chain of poultry meat in China

During the past two decades, food safety issues in China not only posed serious threats to Chinese consumers but also damaged the image of Chinese products internationally. In China, food safety is not only about scientific discoveries, advanced laboratories, and sanitation equipment; it is more about the role of different players in the food supply chain. The poultry meat supply chain is instrumental in the spread of the avian influenza A virus (H7N9), raising questions about how policymakers respond to such threats and whether industries need to be restructured to manage and control this epidemic so that it does not recur. As a short-term measure, to prevent the spread of this disease, government authorities enforced the closure of live bird markets (LBM) in disease-affected areas of China. However, in the long term, the poultry meat supply chain needs to be restructured. The aim of the current study was to analyze distribution channels for chicken meat in China and then describe arrangements in poultry meat sectors that incorporate small- and medium-scale producers into the supply chain while responding to shifts in LBMs. We also assessed the role of LBMs in spreading H7N9 and how these interventions affect the poultry meat supply chain in the Chinese market.     

扎龙自然保护区鸟类观赏性分析与观鸟管理对策

观鸟是一项陶冶身心、消除疲劳、接近大自然、科学性很强的活动。扎龙国家级自然保护区内，鸟类资源丰富，是进行观鸟旅游和科普、科研的重要基地，本文主要构建了鸟类观赏性评估体系，并对保护区的鸟类进行了观赏性评估；通过问卷调查分析了观鸟者对自然保护区和鸟类的认知度、喜爱度和观鸟的期望等等；并为保护区更好地开展观鸟旅游和科研、科普活动提出管理建议。     

In vivo confocal microscopy in the normal corneas of cats, dogs and birds

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the applicability of in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) in veterinary ophthalmology and analyze the morphology of living, healthy cornea. ANIMALS EXAMINED: Thirty-seven dogs, 34 cats and five birds. PROCEDURE: Various corneal sublayers were visualized in the central region using an in vivo confocal corneal microscope (HRTII/RCM). RESULTS: An investigation method was developed and adapted for use on animals with varying skull forms and eye positions. Real-time images of the epithelial cells, the corneal stroma and the endothelial layer were obtained. The corneal stromal nerve trunks and the subepithelial and basal epithelial nerve plexus were visualized. In dogs, full corneal thickness (FCT) was 585 +/- 79 microm (mean +/- SD) and endothelial cell density (ECD) 3175 +/- 776 cells/mm(2) (mean +/- SD). In cats, FCT was 592 +/- 80 microm and ECD 2846 +/- 403 cells/mm(2). There were no significant differences between canine and feline FCT and ECD and no morphologic differences could be seen between dogs and cats. The bird images revealed a number of structural differences. CONCLUSION: Noninvasive IVCM allows accurate detection of corneal sublayers, corneal pachymetry, endothelial cell density and corneal innervation in various animal species. For clinical usage, patients must be under general anesthesia. The confocal images provided anatomic reference images of various healthy corneal structures in dogs, cats and birds.     

海兰（褐）父母代种鸡引入青海高寒地区的饲养试验

对从山东引入青海高寒地区的海兰（褐）父母代鸡进行了饲养试验。结果表明,引入鸡32周龄最高产蛋率达78%,25周龄后种蛋受精率达88%,入孵蛋的孵化率达75%,母鸡1～18周龄成活率为94%,19～60周龄成活率为92%。引入鸡的各项指标基本达到山东标准。     

河南省鸟类新纪录种——灰翅鸫(Turdus boulboul)

在整理2015—2018年的红外相机数据中,在河南内乡宝天曼国家级自然保护区2个调查位点拍摄到了4组独立照片,经鉴定为灰翅鸫 ( Turdus boulboul ) ,雌鸟和雄鸟各有2次记录,并确认为河南省的鸟类新纪录物种。     

青海野生鸟类禽流感监测防控亟待关注解决的问题

近年来,青藏高原迁徙的野生鸟类不断发生高致病禽流感疫病,给生态安全和人们的健康带来了极大的威胁。如何面对和做好野生鸟类的疫源疫病监测与防控,本文通过青海省发生和开展的防控工作情况,就面临和亟待解决的问题,提出对策建议。     

Vecuronium bromide,phenylephrine and atropine combinations as mydriatics in juvenile double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Topical vecuronium bromide (Norcuron) and combinations with atropine and phenylephrine, were evaluated as mydriatics in juvenile double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus). Nine cormorants were treated with each of four protocols: 1% atropine; 4 mg/mL vecuronium bromide (total 0.16 mg/eye); atropine with vecuronium; and atropine, 2.5% phenylephrine, followed by vecuronium. Drugs were applied topically at 15-min intervals (0.01 mL/drop). Pupil diameter was measured manually every 15 min with a pupil gauge calibrated to the nearest 0.5 mm. No effect was observed with atropine alone. Average +/- SD peak pupil diameter for vecuronium, atropine/vecuronium, and atropine/phenylephrine/vecuronium were 5.4 +/- 1.1 mm, 5.7 +/- 0.8 mm and 6.2 +/- 0.4 mm, respectively; and duration of peak diameters were 38 +/- 28 min, 79 +/- 71 min and 103 +/- 58 min, respectively. The combined atropine, phenylephrine and vecuronium provided the most consistent dilation with larger average pupil size and longer average duration. No side-effects from vecuronium were observed in these birds.