A new iridoid glycoside from Linaria genestifolia

A new iridoid glycoside named genestifolioside (1) was isolated from the ethanol extract of Linaria genestifolia. Its structure was defined by spectral analysis.     

应用TLC-CMS-IR技术检测北芪菇中黄芪甲苷

以乙醇水溶液为提取剂,从北芪菇中提取黄芪甲苷,薄层层析(TLC)分离和制备黄芪甲苷;通过对比质荷比(m/z)和官能团等对黄芪甲苷进行表征与分析。结果表明,乙醇-水=7∶3(V/V)作为提取剂,微波超声波处理后,多级萃取后得到正丁醇相;氯仿∶甲醇∶乙酸乙酯∶水=13∶7∶2∶2(V/V)展开后,经显色获得的色谱斑点与黄芪甲苷标准品斑点位置比对一致,Rf值为0.31;黄芪甲苷样品和标准品质谱波谱图和红外波谱图确定提取物为黄芪甲苷。样品中黄芪甲苷的熔点是295℃;旋光度是+56.4;比旋光度是+24.4。结果表明,TLC-MS-IR联用是一种具有独特优势的色谱波谱技术,能实现从微克量级的分离分析到克量级的分离制备,可用于天然产物粗提物的去除杂质和单个产物的精制,适用于从北芪菇中进行物质的制备分离。     

植物毒素的微生物降解与利用研究进展

植物毒素为植物产生的能引起人和动物致病的有毒物质,给人类和环境造成很大危害。微生物降解技术是近年来消除和利用植物毒素的研究热点。文章扼要论述某些植物毒素(单宁、棉酚、生物碱、有毒甙类)的微生物降解与利用,探讨进一步研究的重点与方向。     

Plant litter decomposition influenced by soil animals and disturbance in a subtropical rainforest of Taiwan

Soil fauna has been postulated as one of the paramount determinants of decomposition in the humid tropics. However, its effect on litter decomposition has only been demonstrated in few forest sites in Central America. In addition, landslide is a common disturbance associated with heavy rainfall brought by tropical cyclones in the tropics and can potentially alter abundance and structure of soil animals and thus affect litter decomposition. In this study, we examined the effect of soil animals on litter decomposition in an Asian subtropical monsoon forest and compared the animal effects in landslide-disturbed (2 years old) and undisturbed sites. Animal exclusion by naphthalene treatment significantly reduced the density and diversity of litterbag animals and slowed down the rate of decomposition in both landslide-disturbed and undisturbed sites. However, density (per unit area) and diversity of the litter animals and litter decomposition rate did not differ between the landslide-disturbed and undisturbed sites for both control and animal-excluded treatments. Our data suggest that the abundance of soil animals is not limited by litter mass. Furthermore, soil fauna recover quickly from landslides, and fauna's facilitative effect on litter decomposition is not altered after their recovery.     

Phenylpropanoid glycosides and triterpenoid of Pedicularis kansuensis Maxim

Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract of Pedicularis kansuensis Maxim. led to the isolation of one new triterpenoid and two new phenylpropanoid glycosides, along with ten known compounds. Their structures were established by extensive 1D and 2D NMR, as well as other spectrum analysis. Biological evaluation of the three new compounds against Hela cell and Hep-6 cell with MIC values ranging from 9 to 20 μg/ml.     

Citrus Flavonoids in Fruit and Traditional Chinese Medicinal Food Ingredients in China

Flavonoids-enriched tissues of citrus such as peel, immature fruit and flower are consumed as culinary seasonings, tea ingredients in China for centuries. This HPLC quantitative study on the five citrus flavonoids, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, sinensetin and nobiletin on a wide range of Chinese citrus fruits and several Traditional Chinese Medicinal food ingredients in East China, revealed a great diversity in flavonoid composition. Huyou peel (C. paradisi cv. Changshanhuyou) was found to be the best naringin (3.25%) and neohesperidin (2.76%) source; C. aurantium, a major ingredient of several citrus-related TCM, is also a suitable source of naringin and neohesperidin, and a good juice source for flavanone glycosides; the peel of Wenzhoumiju (C. unshiu) is one of the richest local species in hesperidin (up to 6.25%); Zaoju (C. subcompressa) has the highest content of nobiletin (0.59%), a polymethoxylated flavone. LC-ES-MS analysis of Zanthoxylum genus for flavonoids revealed for the first time the presence of significant amounts (0.74%) of hesperidin in the root of Liangmianzhen (Z. nitidum (Roxb.) DC), a relative of Sichuan pepper, which is a spice widely used in China.     

大豆异黄酮的分离鉴定与抗氧化作用的研究

利用硅胶柱层析和反相担体柱层析从大豆中提取分离到大豆甙元糖苷、染料木素糖苷、大豆甙元、染料木素4个异黄酮单体。大豆异黄酮主要由糖苷组成，含有少量的甙元。大豆甙元糖苷和染料木素糖苷具有几乎相同的极性，因此很难分离这两种化合物。利用分离到4个异黄酮单体进行抗指质过氧化（MDA0测定，得出抗氧化作用主要决定于染料木素异黄酮，其中染料木素作用强于其糖苷。     

Improvement of caper (Capparis spinosa L.) propagation using in vitro culture and gamma irradiation

Some of the factors influencing the propagation of caper (Capparis spinosa L.) plants in vitro and germination of the seed were studied. The number of adventitious shoots emerging from caper stems cultured in vitro increased from 2.2 shoots per explant when the growth medium contained 2 mg/L of gibberellic acid (GA3) to 5.5 when the growth medium contained 2 mg/L zeatin riboside (ZR) and 1 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The best medium for callus formation from leaf and stem parts contained the growth regulators 1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.1 mg/L NAA and the best medium for plant regeneration contained 1 mg/L kinetin and 0.1 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The effect of gamma irradiation on the growth of caper shoots in vitro was also studied. A 10 Gy dose of gamma irradiation stimulated growth of shoots up to 200% and increased shoot rooting percentage from 75 to 100%.     

Delayed harvest improves red blush development and quality of ‘Cripps Pink’ apple

The poor red blush development on ‘Cripps Pink’ (Malus x domestica Borkh.) apple fruit at commercial maturity (CM) reduces the economic return to apple growers in warmer regions of the world. The effects of delayed harvest maturity up to 6 weeks following CM on the development of red blush and fruit quality of ‘Cripps Pink’ apple were investigated at two locations in Western Australia during 2003 and 2004. The red blush, export-grade fruit, total anthocyanin, cyanidin 3-galactoside, chlorogenic acid, catechin, and epicatechin of apple fruit skin tissues increased with advancement of harvest maturity at both locations in both years, whereas hue angle, concentration of phloridzin, fruit firmness, and titratable acidity (TA) of apple fruit tissues decreased with delayed harvest. The internal ethylene concentration was elevated with the delayed harvest. The concentrations of quercetin 3-galactoside, quercetin 3-arabinoside, quercetin 3-rutinoside, quercetin 3-rhamnoside, and quercetin 3-glucoside increased up to 2 weeks following CM, and then declined in 2003 at both locations and at Perth Hills in 2004. Delayed harvest resulted in improved development of red blush on the fruit surface, accumulation of total anthocyanin, cyanidin 3-galactoside, chlorogenic acid, catechin, epicatechin, and quercetin glycosides in fruit skin, SSC:TA ratio and reduced fruit firmness possibly due to the increased ethylene production.     

野葛异黄酮糖苷的分离纯化及体外清除自由基活性的研究

以野葛的根样为试材,依次通过总黄酮提取、有机溶剂分级分离和柱色谱法进行分离纯化,获得4种异黄酮糖苷组分,依据核磁共振谱和质谱分析结果分别鉴定为葛根素、大豆苷、芒柄花苷和染料木苷。采用1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH·)的有机自由基体系和超氧阴离子(O2-·)的无机活性氧自由基体系,对上述4种异黄酮糖苷化合物的体外清除自由基能力和抗氧化活性进行测定。结果表明,4个异黄酮糖苷组分对DPPH·自由基和O2-·自由基均具有一定的清除活性,清除能力的大小与处理浓度均成正相关关系,对DPPH·自由基的清除效果由高到低依次为染料木苷、大豆苷、葛根素和芒柄花苷,抑制O2-·自由基能力由强到弱依次为葛根素、大豆苷、染料木苷和芒柄花苷。