Influence of the stage of ripeness on phenolic metabolism and antioxidant activity in table grapes exposed to different CO2 treatments

We have analyzed the influence of the stage of ripeness on L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene expression, accumulation of anthocyanins and total phenolics, and on antioxidant activity in the skin of table grapes treated with 20% CO₂ + 20% O₂ + 60 % N₂ for 3 or 6 d at low temperature (0 °C). The residual effect of high CO₂ treatment after transfer to air was also studied. In early harvested grapes, neither the anthocyanin content nor the accumulation of VcPAL mRNA was affected by any of the CO₂ treatments applied. However, in late harvested grapes, the duration of high CO₂ treatment determined its effect and a 6 d treatment with CO₂ sustained higher levels of total phenolics and anthocyanin accumulation, and VcPAL expression than observed in untreated late harvested grapes. The increased antioxidant capacity was correlated with the total amount of phenolics and anthocyanins. Conversely, in grapes treated for 3 d with CO₂ the phenylpropanoid pathway did not appear to be induced and a relationship between antioxidant activity and anthocyanins was not observed. Thus, further studies are needed to identify the most important antioxidants in these treated fruit.     

Potential futures for road transportation CO2 emissions in the Asia Pacific

Abstract: Will future transportation carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions per capita in Asia Pacific economies follow historical trends of the now developed world? Evidence to date is inconclusive. A comparison at similar income levels (purchasing power parity) between recent emissions in Asia Pacific countries and historical emissions in developed countries suggests diverging patterns. (A) High‐income Asia economies (Japan, Hong Kong and Singapore –‘low emitters’) exhibit lower emissions than a selected sample of seven developed countries (United States, Australia, France, the Netherlands, Italy, Sweden and United Kingdom). (B) Another set of Asian countries (South Korea and Taiwan –‘medium emitters’) follow the emissions trends of European countries, which are lower than those of Australia and the United States. (C) A third Asian group (Malaysia and Thailand –‘high emitters’) exhibit emission trends comparable to that of Australia. We describe these trends, examine their causes and extrapolate likely futures for emissions in low‐income Asia Pacific economies (China, Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam). Although such predictions are speculative, the available evidence suggests that road CO₂ emissions for Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam will follow those of the third group (high emitters), while those for China may follow either Group B or Group C.     

冀西北半干旱区硅钾复合肥在玉米上的应用效果

在冀西北半干旱区,按照标准的田间试验设计方法开展硅钾复合肥在玉米上的应用研究.结果表明,硅钾复合肥对玉米的农艺性状、果穗性状及产量均具有显著的影响,说明硅钾复合肥在冀西北地区施用,具有显著的增产效果.     

硫代硫酸钠标准溶液浓度不稳定现象初探

溶液的酸度、二氧化碳、空气、微生物、光照及人为和环境等因素对硫代硫酸钠标准溶液浓度的稳定性有很大的影响,继而造成氮肥生产中有关碘量分析法的误差,通过控制溶液的pH值,防止二氧化碳气体的渗入,加强对分析人员的管理,可从根本上解决生产实际中硫代硫酸钠标准溶液出现的析硫现象,保持其浓度的稳定性.     

萃取大红袍花椒挥发油的研究

利用超临界CO2萃取装置，采用动态萃取的方法，研究了压力、温度、萃取时间等因子对花椒挥发油萃取的影响，为规模化生产及其相关研究提供了科学依据。研究表明，样品200g粒度40目，最佳的萃取条件为：压力33MPa，温度55℃，时间1．0h，花椒挥发油萃取率为10．2％。气-质联用分析花椒挥发油结果表明，挥发油为3-甲基-2氮杂芴、γ-萜品烯、3-蒈烯等31种化舍物组成。其中3-甲基-2-氮杂芴含量最高，达到18．63％。     

二氧化氯应用于水厂消毒的优缺点

本文作者根据二氧化氯自身特点及在水厂中的实践,论述了二氧化氯的主要物理性能,消毒氧化作用,制取方法,以及在水厂消毒中的应用。     

板栗采后高CO2冲击处理对品质和耐藏性的影响

以“大红袍”板栗为试材 ,研究 0℃下 30 %～ 80 %的高CO2 冲击处理对板栗冷藏品质及耐藏性的影响。结果表明 ,高CO2 冲击处理可显著促进板栗乙醇的积累 ,提高乙醇脱氢酶活性 ;适度冲击处理使板栗在贮藏期间淀粉水解速率降低 ,减少营养物质的消耗 ;冲击处理对板栗风味有显著影响 ,30 %～ 80 %CO2 处理超过 2 0d ,板栗会出现不同程度异味 ,并且在一定限度内异味会随着贮藏时间的延长逐渐消除 ,恢复正常风味 ;若CO2 强度过大 ,则异味很难完全消除 ,并会对板栗造成了不可逆伤害。板栗采后在 0℃下用 4 0 %的CO2 处理 2 0d后再进行冷藏 ,既可以延长板栗的贮藏期 ,又能提高板栗的贮藏品质 ,整体贮藏保鲜效果最佳。     

Rapid production of high-strength cement-bonded particleboard using gaseous or supercritical carbon dioxide

This study deals with the effects of curing treatment with gaseous and supercritical carbon dioxide on the properties of cement-bonded particleboard (CBP) manufactured by the conventional cold-pressing method. The hydration of cement and the mechanism of improvement were examined using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermal gravimetry (TG-DTG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. The results are as follows: (1) The curing of cement was accelerated concomitantly with the improvement in mechanical and dimensional properties of CBP significantly by curing with gaseous or supercritical carbon dioxide. (2) Supercritical carbon dioxide curing imparted boards optimal properties at a faster rate than did gaseous curing. (3) Accelerated formation of calcium silicate hydrate and calcium carbonate and the interlocking of those hydration products on the wood surface are potentially the main reasons for the superior strength of carbon dioxide-cured boards.