Inheritance of beta-cypermethrin resistance in the housefly Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

BACKGROUND: Beta-cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, was applied frequently in the control of health pests including houseflies, Musca domestica L., in China. However, different levels of resistance to beta-cypermethrin were monitored in field strains of houseflies. A strain of M. domestica, 4420-fold resistant to beta-cypermethrin after continuous 25 generations of selection, was used in this paper to determine the mode of inheritance of pyrethroid resistance. RESULTS: The estimated realized heritability (h(2)) of beta-cypermethrin resistance was 0.30 in this resistant strain. Results of bioassays showed no significant difference in values of LD(50) and slope of log dose-probit lines between reciprocal progenies F(1) and F'(1), and yielded values of - 0.10 (F(1)) and - 0.11 (F'(1)) for the degree of dominance (D). Chi-square analysis from responses of self-bred and backcross progenies (F(2), BC(1) and BC(2) respectively) indicated that the null hypothesis, a single gene responsible for resistance, was accepted. The minimum number of independent segregation genes was 0.93 for F(1) by Lande's method. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that beta-cypermethrin resistance in the housefly was inherited as a single, major, autosomal and incompletely recessive factor. These results would provide the basic information for pest management programmes.     

家蝇免疫血淋巴的性质研究

带菌针刺诱导３６－４８ｈ后家蝇三龄幼虫免疫血淋巴的抑菌活性最高。其中抗菌成分为一种弱碱性物质,具有热稳定性耐低温的特性。毛细管区带电泳证实：针针刺诱导后家蝇免疫血淋巴的吸收峰与对照组大致相同,这表明家蝇抗菌物质的产生可能受结构基因调控。     

A rapid real-time PCR assay for detecting columnar growth in apples (Malus × domestica)

Columnar growth in apples can have considerable positive consequences for orchard maintenance, but the lack of columnar cultivars producing fruits with desired market quality prevents their broader utilization in orchards. New crossings focused on their breeding are therefore conducted throughout the world every year. Unfortunately, the reliable discrimination between columnar growth and normal phenotype is difficult until seedlings are 2–3 years of age. However, molecular marker–assisted selection (MAS) can be used in seedlings several weeks old providing immense help in breeding programmes focused on columnar apple production. Here, we describe a rapid and reliable method for the detection of both wild-type (WT) and columnar (Co) alleles originating from ‘McIntosh Wijcik’ in a single reaction using a real-time PCR allelic discrimination approach. Our assay was tested in 130 genotypes (80 normal and 50 columnar habit) from various crossings and their parents, and in all cases, genotype corresponded to phenotype. The assay is thus suitable for laboratories interested in high-throughput MAS for columnar tree habit breeding.     

20个苹果品种的S基因型鉴定

以‘富士’、‘华瑞’、‘华硕’和‘华星’等20个苹果品种为材料,利用S等位基因高度保守氨基酸序列FTQQYQ和anti-1/MIWPNV设计的S基因通用引物,以及S等位基因多态性序列设计的19对特异引物,PCR扩增、测序以鉴定20个品种的S基因型;并用‘华瑞’和‘华硕’分别与‘美八’、‘锦秀红’、‘华冠’和‘富士’进行授粉试验验证S基因型的准确性。PCR结果表明:通用引物扩增S等位基因时,仅‘富士’、‘华瑞’、‘华硕’、‘华星’、‘美八’和‘红脆宝’6个品种有效地扩增出2条特异的S等位基因条带,其S基因型有S1S_9、S_9S_(24)、S_5S_9和S_5S_(24)等4种;19对特异引物扩增S等位基因时,‘华帅’等14个品种扩增得到2条特异性条带,S基因型有S_(10)S_(19)、s_2s_3、s_2S_5、s_3S_(10)、s_2S_9、S_5S_(24)、S_9S_(10)、s_3S_(10)和S_5S_9等9种。因此,20个苹果品种的S基因型分别为:‘富士’S1S_9,‘华瑞’和‘华硕’S_9S_(24),‘华星’、‘美八’和‘红珍珠’S_5S_9,‘红脆宝’、‘华玉’和‘99-1-29’S_5S_(24),‘华帅’S_(10)S_(19),‘金玉’s_2s_3,‘早红’、‘华美’和‘嘎拉’s_2S_5,‘Seokwang’s_3S_(10),‘锦秀红’、‘蜜玉’和‘华冠’s_2S_9,‘绿佳’S_9S_(10),‘信浓红’s_3S_(10)。2015和2016年‘华瑞’与‘华硕’的正反交组合坐果率较低(低于15.52%);而‘华瑞’和‘华硕’分别与‘美八’、‘锦秀红’和‘华冠’、‘富士’品种的正反交组合坐果率较高(高于46.30%)。因此,本试验中相同S基因型的授粉组合其坐果率较低,不同S基因型的授粉组合其坐果率较高,授粉试验支持S基因型鉴定结果。     

红肉苹果愈伤组织生长素信号相关基因MdARF3的克隆与表达分析

以红肉苹果‘紫红3号’(新疆红肉苹果与‘富士’F_1代)的红色幼嫩叶片为外植体诱导的红色愈伤组织为试材,初步探讨生长素调控苹果花青苷代谢机理。根据拟南芥AtARF3蛋白序列在苹果基因组中Blast比对得到一个生长素信号相关基因(MDP0000173151),暂命名为MdARF3。克隆测序发现该基因的开放阅读框长度为2 127 bp,编码708个氨基酸。进化树分析表明,MdARF3与AtARF3在同一进化支上,推测它们具有相似的功能。愈伤组织在含有0.3 mg·L~(-1) NAA的MS培养基培养2 h之后其MdARF3上调表达,表达量极显著高于无NAA培养基(对照),而CHS、CHI、F3H、DFR、UFGT及LDOX等花青苷合成结构基因的表达量均极显著低于对照,并且MdARF3表达量与培养基中NAA浓度呈显著正相关(相关系数为0.98),与愈伤组织花青苷含量呈显著负相关(相关系数为–0.89),推测MdARF3对培养基中生长素快速做出反应调控花青苷合成;通过原核诱导获得了MdARF3的重组蛋白,为进一步研究MdARF3蛋白在花青苷代谢途径中的功能奠定了基础。     

苹果主栽品种的SSR分子标记鉴别

为了探索方便快捷的苹果苗木监测方法,通过正交试验,建立了苹果的SSR反应体系(10×PCRBuffer2.0μl,25mmol/MgCl21.2μl,2mmol/LdNTPs2.0μl,10μmol/L引物1μl,5U/μlTaq聚合酶0.2μl)。从33对引物中筛选出10对多态性高,分辨能力强的引物;仅三对引物(02b1,GD12,GD162)就能鉴别供试的45个品种。并对生产上应用SSR技术检测苹果品种真实性和纯度作了展望。     

肝靶向穿膜肽与家蝇天蚕素基因的融合及其分子特征分析

本研究利用改进SOE-PCR技术构建肝靶向穿膜肽（HTPP）与家蝇天蚕素（MDC）融合基因并对其分子特征进行了预测和分析.结果表明：成功融合了HTPP与MDC,并构建了HTPP-MDC融合基因的克隆重组质粒HTPP-MDC/pMD20-T.PCR和KpnⅠ/Hind Ⅲ双酶切结果显示获得与预期大小一致的基因片段,测序结果显示获得的基因序列没有发生突变,与预期完全一致.分子特征分析表明,该融合基因编码60个氨基酸,分子量为6 516.2 Da,理论等电点为 9.31,二级结构主要由α-螺旋、无规则卷曲、延伸链和β-转角组成.研究结果为HTPP-MDC后续的功能研究奠定了基础,同时也为应用SOE-PCR技术构建融合基因提供了有益借鉴.     

南天竹过氧化物酶同工酶的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)对湖南南天竹13个种质资源的过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶谱进行了分析。依据不同种质间酶带特征的不同,并利用聚类分析的方法,研究了南天竹种质间的亲源关系及遗传多样性。研究表明,这些种质资源共出现10条酶带,所有种质资源都有3条共同特征的谱带,同时不同种质资源酶谱带数目、迁移率(Rf)、酶活性及分布特征均有不同程度的差异,POD酶谱聚类分析将湖南南天竹13个种质分为3大类。     

成年贵州小型猪脾脏的组织形态学观察及免疫组化研究

为了给人类免疫相关疾病模型的建立提供参考,试验分别取24头贵州小型猪脾脏组织进行组织形态观察,用免疫组化SP法检测CD3、CD4、CD8及CD20阳性细胞的比例和分布。结果表明:12头雌性小型猪脾脏指数为18.91±1.59,12头雄性小型猪脾脏指数为17.26±2.44,无显著差异(P>0.05)。CD3+、CD4+、CD8+细胞主要分布在动脉周围淋巴鞘,CD20+细胞主要分布在脾小体,12头雌性小型猪CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD20+细胞比例(46.67±6.56,24.25±5.04,25.33±4.52,52.83±6.60)与雄性小型猪(43.17±7.58,23.33±3.58,23.58±5.91,54.42±9.27)比较无显著差异(P>0.05),CD4+/CD8+比值在0.7～1.5之间波动;雌性小型猪和雄性小型猪脾脏中CD20+细胞比例均较CD3+细胞多,差异有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。