长汀县山麻鸭寄生蠕虫调查及其群落生态分析

剖检长汀县２１羽山麻鸭，检得寄生蠕虫１０种，总感染率为８１％，平均感染强度和密度分别为３６条和３０条。各种蠕虫及其感染分别为：楔形前殖吸虫２８．６％，大多形棘头虫４．％，似椎低颈吸虫４．８％，福建单睾绦虫３３．３￥，美国膜壳绦虫４．８％。     

家蝇幼虫双翅肽MdDpt I成熟肽基因的克隆与原核表达

对鸡沙门氏菌诱导家蝇幼虫构建的抑制性消减文库(SSH)中筛选得到的家蝇双翅肽I(Musca domesticaDiptericin I,MdDptI)基因进行克隆、表达,并对表达产物的抑菌活性进行初步研究。以沙门氏菌诱导家蝇幼虫cDNA为模板,采用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE),对MdDptI基因进行扩增,并对扩增产物进行测序和生物信息学分析,进一步去掉信号肽并构建重组表达质粒pET-28a-MdDptI,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE电泳分析。借助亲和纯化获得目的蛋白,并验证目的蛋白的生物活性。MdDptI基因全长为419 bp,包含一个300 bp的完整开放阅读框(ORF),编码99个氨基酸,其cDNA序列与GenBank中登录号为FJ794602.1的家蝇双翅肽基因同源性为95%。构建了家蝇MdDptI基因的成熟肽原核表达质粒pET-28a-MdDpt-I,并获得成功表达,表达产物约为12 ku,与预期结果一致。纯化后的目的蛋白表现出一定的抑菌活性。本试验获得了MdDptI基因的全长序列,构建了原核表达载体,并成功获得表达纯化。     

南天竹繁育管理技术

从形态特征、生长习性等方面介绍了南天竹的生物学特性,并总结了南天竹的繁育管理技术,包括播种育苗、无性繁殖育苗、病虫害防治,以期为南天竹的繁育管理提供参考。     

鸡羽色性状基因座研究进展

家鸡（Gallus gallus domestica）羽色受多基因调控,已经有越来越多羽色相关基因与突变被定位,包括扩 展位点基因座、深褐色基因座、花斑基因座、横斑表型相关基因、真黑素稀释基因座等。就羽色形成的机理,对羽色基 因座位对应的表型情况和基因座位对应的编码基因以及致因突变进行了综述。此外,还简要介绍了如何通过分子方 法剔除对优质鸡育种不利的羽色基因座。     

Effects of Plant and Soil Factors on Growth of Young Apple and Blackcurrant Plants

Abstract

Shoot growth as affected by plant size at planting, peat application in the planting hole, pruning, drip-irrigation and, for apple, specific apple replant disease (SARD) was investigated in apple (cv. Elstar) and blackcurrant (cvs Ben Lomond and Ben Nevis), using a multifactorial design. In the first year after planting, peat application and drip-irrigation enhanced shoot growth in both species, with a further interactional increase when both treatments were applied. The extension growth of apple, in contrast to blackcurrant, was positively related to plant size, and the strength of the relationship was distinctly improved when growth conditions were good. Pruning had only small effects on total shoot growth, with a trend towards an increase when growth conditions were poor.     

Identification of PCR-based markers linked to the powdery-mildew-resistance gene Pl1 from Malus robusta in cultivated apple

The availability of molecular markers linked to mildew resistance genes would enhance the efficiency of apple-breeding programmes. This investigation focuses on the identification of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to the Pl₁ gene for mildew resistance, which has introgressed from Malus robusta into cultivated apples. The RAPD marker technique was combined with a modified ‘bulked seg-regant analysis’ mapping strategy. About 850 random decamer primers used as single primers or in combinations were tested by PCR analysis on the basis of resistant and susceptible DNA pools. Selected primers producing RAPD fragments were applied in an additional selection step to M. robusta and genotypes representing intermediate breeding stages of the breeding population 93/9, for which a 1:1 segregation could be observed for the resistance trait. Seven RAPD markers, all representing introgressed DNA sequences from M. robusta, were identified and arranged with the Pl₁ locus in a common linkage group. The two most tightly-linked RAPD markers, OPAT20₄₅₀ and OPD2₁₀₀₀ were mapped with a genetic distance of 4.5 and 5 cM, respectively, from the Pl₁ gene. Both markers are suitable for marker-assisted selection in apple breeding. The polymorphic DNA fragment OPAT20₄₅₀ was cloned and sequenced, and longer primers for the generation of a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker have been constructed; this marker was easier to score than the original RAPD marker.     

Oryzalin as an Efficient Agent for Chromosome Doubling of Haploid Apple Shoots in vitro

In an outbreeding species such as apple, haploid plants may be especially useful in breeding programmes for the production of homozygous material. However, methods must be available to induce chromosome doubling in the haploid plants. Two antimitotic agents, colchicine and oryzalin, were compared as regards their efficiency in inducing chromosome doubling of in vitro haploid apple shoots. Three colchicine levels (0.025, 0.25 and 1.25 mM) and three oryzalin levels (5, 15 and 30 μM) were evaluated. Three techniques were also used and compared. Survival rate and chromosome counts were determined. Differences were observed between the two antimitotic agents and between the three techniques. This study demonstrates that oryzalin could be a better choice than colchicine for chromosome doubling on haploid apple shoots in vitro.     

饲料、温度及成蝇密度对家蝇产卵量的影响

本文研究了饲料、温度、成蝇密度对家蝇产卵量的影响，结果表明：用含有奶粉的饲料饲养幼虫或成蝇，家蝇产卵量最大。最适产卵温度是２４℃，产卵温域是１２．５～３５．３℃。每对平均产卵量与成蝇对数成负相关。群体最适产卵密度是１９４９８对／ｍ３。     

苹果果实中细胞质型苹果酸酶基因（NADP-ME）的克隆与表达分析

【研究目的】从苹果果实中克隆细胞质型NADP-苹果酸酶(NADP-ME)基因,并且从基因转录水平上研究该基因与苹果果实酸度的关系。【方法】利用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆NADP-ME基因,半定量RT-PCR分析该基因在高酸和低酸个体不同发育时期果实中的转录情况,并进行原核表达分析。【结果】成功克隆了细胞质型NADP-ME基因的cDNA全长序列,命名为Mal-ME(GenBank注册号:DQ280492);该基因表达一个约66kD的蛋白;半定量RT-PCR分析表明:不同发育时期的果实中Mal-ME的转录与苹果酸含量呈负相关,即随着Mal-ME转录水平的增强果实含酸量下降。【结论】成功从苹果果实中克隆了细胞质型Mal-ME基因,Mal-ME在果实发育过程中对苹果酸的积累起负调控作用。     

观赏植物南天竹园林景观效果的评价

应用模糊数学的方法建立数学评价模型,从景观生态美学、资源价值和艺术价值3个方面,将定量与定性相结合,构建了南天竹景观效果评价指标体系,对观赏植物南天竹在园林应用中的景观效果进行综合评价。旨在探索南天竹景观效果的评价方法,为进一步认识南天竹在园林中的景观效果提供参考。