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51.
Effect of abiotic factors on understory community structures in moist deciduous forests of northern India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ashish K. Mishra Soumit K. Behera Kripal Singh R. M. Mishra L. B. Chaudhary Bajrang Singh 《中国林学(英文版)》2013,15(4):261-273
Understory vegetation controls, in a significant way, the regeneration of overstory trees, carbon sequestration and nutrient retention in tropical forests. Development and organization of understory vegetation depend 3n climate, edaphic and biotic factors which are not well correlated with plant community structures. This study aimed to ~xplore the relationships between understory vegetation and abiotic factors in natural and planted forest ecosystems. A non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination technique was applied to represent forest understory vegetation among five forest communities, i.e., a dry miscellaneous forest (DMF), a sal mixed forest (SMF), a teak plantation (TP), a low-land miscellaneous forest (LMF) and a savanna area (SAV) of the Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, located in northern India. Microclimatic variables, such as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature (AT), soil Lemperature (ST), ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration, absolute air humidity (AH), physical and chemical soil ~roperties as well as biological properties were measured. Understory species were assessed via 100 random quadrats (5 m x 5 m) in each of the five forests in which a total of 75 species were recorded encompassing 67 genera from 37 families, consisting of 32 shrubs and 43 plant saplings. DMF was the most dense forest with 34,068 understory individuals per ha of different species, whereas the lowest understory population (13,900 per ha) was observed in the savanna. Ordination and correlation revealed that microclimate factors are most important in their effect compared to ~daphic factors, on the development of understory vegetation in the various forest communities in the north of India. 相似文献
52.
J.C. Martens J.E. Danckwerts G.C. Stuart‐Hill A.J. Aucamp 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(3):184-189
Species composition data of the grass layer were determined from point surveys along permanently demarcated transects. These data were separated into vegetation units using multivariate techniques. The repeatability of this classification was tested on data collected over a period of time. The results indicate that classification based on composition data collected from a single sampling period was adequate for practical purposes provided certain precautions were taken. Change in vegetation was assessed by ordering sites from repeated measurements and tracing site trajectories through ordination space. The trends along the axes were strongly correlated with assessed condition score. 相似文献
53.
An evaluation of six methods used to index veld condition showed that the majority provided indices that were insensitive to long‐term grazing impact. However, certain species were found to either increase or decrease in relative abundance with an increase in grazing intensity. A key species method is therefore suggested to be a potentially sensitive approach for indexing veld condition in relation to grazing management in the Highland Sourveld. 相似文献
54.
Techniques currently used to assess range condition in the grassland biome of southern Africa are reviewed. The methods were used to calculate range condition indices from fire‐climax and climatic‐climax grassland data. These indices were then used to evaluate each method in terms of sensitivity (i.e. the detection of spatio‐temporal differences in index), index interpretation and efficiency, bearing in mind the objectives of each technique. The Weighted Key Species Method and Degradation Gradient Method were found to currently provide the best indices for assessing range condition. Shortcomings of the techniques are recognized and suggestions are made for the application of these methods in different vegetation types. 相似文献
55.
Abstract Grasses on the shallow soils of the western grassland biome of South Africa were classified on their ecological status on the basis of their reaction to grazing. Vegetation data were gathered in such a way that those of different successional stages could be identified. An ordination technique was used to define the grazing gradient. Species abundance curves were statistically fitted to the grazing gradient and used to classify the species into decreaser and increaser categories. 相似文献
56.
A.J. Healy 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(1):11-14
The ecological grouping (Decreaser and Increaser groups) of individual species was determined on two topographical units in the Highland Sourveld of the Orange Free State. For this purpose gradients were selected, giving special attention to fence‐line comparisons, vegetation at different distances from watering points and ungrazed vegetation. The ecological grouping (Decreaser and Increaser groups) of species on a grazing gradient differed not only for different topographical units, but also for sub‐habitats within a certain unit. Broad standardized groupings of species into Decreaser and Increaser groups are therefore scientifically wrong and of little practical use. 相似文献
57.
L. M. MANJARRÉS‐MARTÍNEZ J. C. GUTIÉRREZ‐ESTRADA J. A. HERNANDO M. C. SORIGUER 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2012,19(3):200-213
Abstract The performance of robust principal component analysis (RPCA), detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) with two demersal fish data sets were assessed in terms of their stability to bootstrap‐generated sample variation and the method’s ability to reflect a well‐known depth gradient. Stability was assessed for both species and site orderings and configurations, using scaled rank variance (SRV) and Spearman (ρ) and Procrustes correlations (t0). The NMDS site and species orderings showed the highest stability. DCA performed best in terms of site ordination stability, but NMDS performed best in terms of species ordination stability. In terms of matching the expected ecological variation, NMDS was the most sensitive method for the wider‐depth gradient data and DCA was the most sensitive for the narrower‐depth gradient data. According to the sensitivity and informative power criteria associated with the stability assessment, t0 was the best methodological approach for site ordinations, and SRV for species ordinations. 相似文献
58.
Kebin Zhang Rui Li Yunfang Liu Baitian Wang Xiaohui Yang Ruiping Hou 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2008,3(3):326-333
The spatial distribution characteristics of plant communities in a wetland-dry grassland ecosystem in arid and semi-arid regions
in northwestern China and the main factors affecting the distribution pattern were studied. The Siertan wetland in the Haba
Lake Nature Reserve was the study area. Four transect lines, each about 1 km long, were set up in the growing season along
the biotope gradient in four directions: east, northeast, west and northwest. Attributes measured include frequency of occurrence,
height, density, coverage, biomass and environmental soil factors. The data were analyzed using a two-way indicative species
analysis (TWINSPAN), detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and Spearman correlation coefficients. On this basis, the vegetation
in the Siertan wetland was classified into three types and 14 associations. The first vegetation type was halophytic marsh
vegetation, mainly distributed in the wetland zone. This type largely contains halophyte and hygric plants and its representative
association is Phragmites communis + Kalidium foliatum. The second type was meadow vegetation, distributed in the ecotone. The meadow vegetation species are mainly mesophytic and
their representative association is Nitraria tangutorum + Pennisetum flaccidum. The third vegetation type is grassland vegetation, which mainly consists of mesophytic and xerophytes, distributed in the
arid grassland zone. The representative association of the third vegetation type is the association of Anaeurolepidium secalium + Saussurea runcinata. Correlation analysis between the axes of DCA and environmental soil factors shows that soil moisture content, organic matter,
soil salt content and total nitrogen are the main environmental factors affecting the pattern of vegetation distribution along
the biotope gradients from wetland to arid grassland. Other factors affecting the vegetation are microtopography and grazing
pressure. Additionally, we have reported modifications and improvements to the importance value methodology.
__________
Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2008, 30(1): 6–13 [译自: 北京林业大学学报] 相似文献
59.
Daniel F. R. Cleary 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2017,36(8):806-817
In the present study, the impact of logging was assessed on the forest structure, richness, and composition of trees, lianas, and ground herbs in Indonesian Borneo. There were no significant differences in tree height, diameter, basal area, or abundance between unlogged and logged forest. Liana abundance was higher in logged than unlogged forest, but the difference was marginally nonsignificant. There was also no significant difference in the percentage cover of ground herbs. Tree species richness was similar between unlogged and logged forest, while liana species richness was higher in logged forest and herb species richness between unlogged forest. Tree and liana compositions differed significantly between unlogged and logged forest, but logging explained only a small part (<7%) of the variance in composition. In contrast to trees and lianas, ground herb composition did not differ significantly between unlogged and logged forest. Our findings indicate that the modest extraction intensity practiced did not have a severely adverse impact on forest structure or plant composition. This highlights the important role that logged forests may play in conserving biodiversity and the need to protect these forests from further disturbance. 相似文献
60.
高寒草甸不同功能群植被盖度对模拟气候变化的短期响应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为研究高寒生态系统植被群落对气候变化的响应,于2007年5月沿青藏高原东北祁连山南坡对海拔3200m 的嵩草草甸、3400m 的灌丛草甸、3600m 的杂草草甸和3800m 的稀疏植被进行双向移栽试验。功能群(莎草类、禾本类、豆科类和杂类草)植被绝对盖度的方差分析表明高寒草甸植被群落对气候变化较为敏感。莎草类盖度与土壤含水量呈负线性相关,禾本类和豆科类分别与土壤含水量和气温呈正线性相关。海拔与杂类草盖度的二次方程可解释其61%的变异。非度量多维排序(non metricmulti dimensionalscaling,NMDS)暗示功能群对气候变化的响应具有特殊性。豆科类和杂类草、莎草类和禾本类存在较弱的盖度补偿效应。对比早期和模拟降温下的嵩草草甸群落组成,印证其具有较高的稳定性。 相似文献