山西南部山地白羊草群落的数量分类和排序

在样方调查的基础上，应用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析(DCA)对山西南部山地白羊草群落进行了研究。TWINSPAN等级分类将62个样方分为17类，分类结果反映了植物群落类型与环境梯度之间的关系，并在DCA二线排序图上得到了较好的验证。DCA排序第一轴基本上反映了土壤含水量的变化梯度，第二轴基本上反映了土壤质地的变化梯度。种的DCA排序结果证明对群落生境有明显的指示作用，能客观反映群落的生境特征。     

对福州市旅游景区的认知研究

运用NMDS方法研究了福州市居民对福州市旅游景区的认知。通过空间定位图分析发现,在居民的认知中福州市10家旅游景区被聚合为3个组群：自然风光类旅游景区组群、人文风貌和自然风貌旅游景区组群、海岛风光旅游景区和博物馆旅游景区组群;在当地居民对旅游景区的感知情况方面,有4家旅游景区的感知率小于60%;在到访情况方面,旅游景区到访率只有3家大于70%,有2家介于35%和55%之间,有5家小于30%。通过特征属性和旅游景区之间的配适分析与水平距离分析发现,居民对前2个组群的评价较高,对后1个组群的评价较低。据此提出了福州市旅游发展的建议。     

矮嵩草草甸植物种群物候学定量研究

通过对矮嵩草草甸主要植物种群物候特性的观测研究,采用聚类分析和主分量排序法将矮嵩草草甸19种植物种群划分为不同的物候类群。利用相关系数排序法指出了影响不同物候期的主要生态因子依次是温度、降水量和日照时数。研究结果表明,物候指数是说明高寒矮嵩草草甸物候模式的一个有用指标。     

海南中部山区什运乡小斑块分布次生林的数量分类

应用DCA排序和TWINSPAN分类方法,将海南中部山区什运乡区域内分布的小斑块次生林划分为7个群落类型:毛叶青冈+香合欢+毛柿群系(Form.Cyclobalanopsis kerrii+Albiza odoratissima+Diospyros strigosa)、枫香+岭南山竹子+黄椿木姜群系(Form.Liquidambar formosana+Garcinia oblongifolia+Litsea variabilis)、黄牛木+九节+青梅群系(Form.Cratoxylumcochinchinense+Psychotria rubra+Vatica mangachapoi)、鸭脚木+木荷+短穗探柯群系(Form.Schefflera octophylla+Schimasaperba+Lithocarpus fenestratus)、长圆叶新木姜+南岛青冈群系(Form.Neolitsea oblongifolia+Cyclobalanopsis insularis)、黧蒴栲单优群系(Form.Castanopsis fissa)、黄叶树+皂帽花+美叶菜豆树群系(Form.Xanthophyllum hainanense+Dasymaschalontrichophorum+Radermachera frondosa)。DCA排序第1轴反映了群系自南向北的空间分布情况和温度变化梯度,第2轴上呈现的环境意义不明显。     

云顶山自然保护区植物群落的分类与排序

采用TW INSPAN多元分析方法将云顶山自然保护区58个群落样方划分为:华北落叶松+白桦-金银忍冬-披针苔草群丛;白杄+华北落叶松-土庄绣线菊+金花忍冬-披针苔草+小红菊群丛;白桦-土庄绣线菊-紫苞鸢尾群丛;白桦-美蔷薇+金花忍冬-小红菊群丛;油松+辽东栎-金花忍冬+黄刺玫-披针苔草+小红菊群丛等13个群丛。应用DCA排序的结果表明:DCA第一轴从左到右坡向的变化趋势为阴坡→半阴坡→半阳坡→阳坡;DCA第二轴从上到下海拔有逐渐升高的趋势。68个优势种的DCA排序图所反映出的结果与样方排序图所反映的结果相一致。     

Linking past land use, recent disturbance, and dispersal mechanism to forest composition

Many areas in north-eastern North America were historically cleared for agriculture and subsequently abandoned. The resulting woodlots are exposed to varying degrees of recent disturbance. This paper examines the contributions of land use history and recent disturbance on the species richness and community composition of wooded areas in an agricultural landscape. Woodlots were categorized according to land clearance history, past grazing, and recent disturbance, such as the presence of roads or selective cutting. Vegetation surveys resulted in the identification of 250 herbaceous plant species, 44 of which were classified as exotic. While no influence of recent disturbance on community composition was detected, past land use influenced species richness for all plant groups examined. General linear models indicated that herbaceous, native, and forest species richness was highest in historically partially cleared sites; while exotic and invasive species richness was greatest in historically cleared sites. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMS) ordination was used to identify associations between community assemblage, land use history, and dispersal mechanism. The two axes of the NMS ordination explained 79.2% of the variation in the data, and indicated that woodlots completely cleared in the past were associated with wind dispersed species indicative of disturbed habitats. In contrast, historically uncleared sites contained short-distance dispersed species indicative of rich woods. Although no effects of recent disturbance were detected, the long lived impacts of past land use and the increase of exotic and invasive species in historically cleared indicate that undisturbed woodlots should be considered of highest conservation importance.     

龙须草复合种植技术对紫色土小生境的影响

紫色土的植被恢复是中国植被恢复难题之一.为了研究龙须草植被改善紫色土生境的效果,将引种龙须草后植物群落物种多样性与土壤环境因子的变化相结合,寻找最适宜紫色土地区生态恢复的龙须草植被恢复模式.设置3种龙须草植被恢复地模式（人工恢复地Ⅰ、Ⅱ和自然恢复地Ⅲ）,于2010年7月中旬在湖南松林村进行野外调查.通过群落分类双向指示种分析和群落排序冗余分析表明：1）土壤全氮量、土壤有机质质量分数、坡位和恢复模式是影响群落多样性的主要环境因子;2）3种植被恢复地模式中,人工恢复地Ⅱ的群落Gleason丰富度指数最大（坡上位2.171,坡下位5.863）,土壤全氮量和土壤有机质质量分数有明显提高.因此,利用龙须草进行植被恢复时应优先选取恢复效果最好的人工恢复地模式Ⅱ.     

贵州茅台水源功能区植物群落的分类和排序

为给植被生态保护和植物群落后期的结构调整提供理论依据,选择贵州茅台水源功能区典型植物群落样方57个,采用TWINSPAN分类和DCA排序对茅台水源区植物群落分类、植物群落、物种与环境间的生态关系进行分析。结果表明:1)TWINSPAN分类将57个样方划分为11个群丛,并在样方DCA二维排序图上得到了很好的印证。2)群落样方DCA排序表明,土壤水分和坡向是贵州茅台水源功能区植物群落分布的主导因子。3)物种DCA排序表明,土壤水分和光照对植物分布起关键作用,排序轴对角线反映群落中物种在各群落类型中的替代关系。群落样方、物种DCA的排序结果揭示了物种的分布格局和群落的分布格局具有很大的相似性。     

Genotype by environment effects and selection for drought tolerance in tropical maize. II. Three-mode pattern analysis

A selection program in three tropical maize populations aimed to improve tolerance of mid-season to late season drought environments while maintaining grain yield (GY) potential. The selection process employed other attributes that included maintaining a constant anthesis date (AD) and, under drought, shortening the anthesis-silking interval (ASI) and increasing ear number per plant (EPP). Three-mode (genotypes × environments × attributes) pattern analysis, which consists of clustering and ordination, should be able to collectively interpret these changes from ten evaluation trials. Mixture maximum likelihood clustering identified four groups that indicated the populations' performance had changed with selection. Groups containing the advanced cycles of selection were higher yielding in most environments and had lower ASI and higher EPP, particularly in drought environments. Check entries with no selection for drought tolerance remained grouped with the initial cycles of selection. A 3 × 2 × 3 (genotypes by environments by attributes) principal component model explained 70% of the variation. For the first environmental component, ASI was shown to be highly negatively correlated with both GY and EPP while anthesis date (AD) was virtually uncorrelated with other traits. The second environmental component (explaining 10% of the variation) contrasted droughted and well-watered environments and showed that EPP and GY were better indicators of this contrast (in terms of changes in population performance) than were AD or ASI. Three-mode analysis demonstrated that improvements with selection occurred in both droughted and well-watered environments and clearly summarised the overall success of the breeding program. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

房干村石灰岩山地植物群落数量分类与排序研究

在群落样方调查基础上,采用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析(DCA)对莱芜房干村植物群落进行了数量分类和排序。TWINSPAN将20个样方分为7组,根据植被分类的原则划分为7个群落,论述了各群落的群落学特征。20个样方的DCA排序结果反映了植物群落类型与环境梯度之间的关系,表明影响群落分布格局的主要生态因子为海拔高度和坡向。