RAPD及其在果树上的应用

就RAPD的特点、操作及其在果树品种鉴定、遗传多样性检测、系谱解析和遗传图谱构建等方面的应用和进展进行了简要的阐述。     

天津市设施果树发展对策探讨

介绍了天津市果树设施栽培的现状及存在问题,分析了发展设施果树的必要性,并提出了今后天津市果树设施栽培的发展方向。     

A citywide survey of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa spatial distribution in Orléans (France)

There is a growing recognition that urban trees provide various valuable benefits and services such as enhanced human wellbeing. However, they also have a cost in terms of public health either directly (allergies) or by harboring species representing health risk for humans. This paper focuses on such a forest insect species, the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa. Its caterpillars develop gregariously during winter in a conspicuous silk nest in coniferous hosts. When disturbed, the larvae release urticating hairs that cause human or animal serious health problems. The purpose of our survey was to (1) inventory all individual trees belonging to potential host species and estimate the density of T. pityocampa (2) assess the spatial pattern of the insect population at the city scale. We conducted an exhaustive inventory of potential coniferous host trees in five municipalities (ca. 5000 ha) in the north of Orléans, France. Each tree was identified, geo-referenced and the number of moth nests it hosted was counted. A total of 9321 urban trees representing 11 coniferous taxonomic units were investigated. The distribution of T. pityocampa exhibited a marked spatial structure citywide. Geostatistics allowed to draw risk maps revealing strong patchiness. We provide the first estimate of T. pityocampa host tree preference in an urban context and found that Pinus nigra, P. pinaster and P. sylvestris were the most attacked trees. We also report numerous cases of T. pityocampa occurrence on the exotic ornamental Himalayan cedar Cedrus deodara. The management implications of our findings are two-fold: (1) risk maps constitute a useful framework for communication and public information, and can help developing control strategies; (2) some species frequently used for ornamental purposes are poor quality hosts regarding T. pityocampa and should therefore be preferred in public place usually frequented by vulnerable people (schools, nurseries, hospitals).     

Diversity of street tree populations in larger Danish municipalities

Healthy and sustainable tree populations require a high diversity of genera and species. This study examined the occurrence and contents of tree inventories in Denmark's 30 largest municipalities. 59% of the municipalities had a tree inventory for street trees, but only about half of these were complete and updated. Only one municipality had a registration for trees other than street trees. Based on data from the tree inventories, the diversity of road side trees was analyzed at genus level and species level. A total of 82,072 street trees are part of the study. 11 different genera account for 92% of the total street tree stock, and 2–6 genera account for 40–80% of the street tree stock in the individual municipalities. Tilia was the most dominating genera (26%). 12 species account for 73% of the total street tree stock. The 6 most common species account for almost 50% of the total tree population. The species representing the largest numbers were Tilia × europaea (12%), Acer platanoides (10.9%), Platanus × acerifolia (7.2%), Tilia cordata (7.2%), Fraxinus excelsior (6.2%) and Sorbus intermedia (5.9%). The four most urbanized municipalities had a surplus of non-native species, but all municipalities apart from one had most street trees belonging to native species. The concluding recommendation of this study is that tree managers need to start working more strategic with their tree stock, in order to reduce the vulnerability, due to potential attacks from pests or diseases and climate change effects. A risk spreading system for the urban tree population is proposed, suggesting that no genera should account for more than 10% and no species for more than 5% of the tree population.     

浅谈海口市古树名木的资源特征及其保护

总结分析了海口市古树名木资源的种类构成、树龄结构、生长分布环境状况以及有关价值作用,并就当前海口市古树名木管理与保护中存在的问题进行分析,提出合理保护开发古树名木资源的几点建议。     

环割是芒果树的一项促花保果的关键措施

随着我国对外经济技术交流的日益扩大,将有越来越多的农业科技人员走出国门、走向非洲,而非洲多数国家的热带果树中,芒果是最为普遍的果树之一。通过在尼日利亚东北区的包奇市从事芒果技术工作的3年中,对于芒果促花保果的措施进行了初步的探索。经过试验基本明确了在类似包奇市的生态区域内,进行环割是芒果树上的一项促花保果的关键措施,环割的时期以9月上、中旬为宜。     

劈破法扦插育苗试验研究

将仿照古代的劈破法与现今常用的马耳型剪法扦插育苗进行对比,证明劈破法扦插育苗有提高扦插成活率和促进多生根以及加快主梢高生长的效果,值得推广应用。     

杨凌地区柳树行道树蛀干害虫危害及防治

本文通过对杨凌示范区城市园林绿化树种蛀干害虫危害现状及防治措施的调查,揭示当前关中地区城市园林蛀干害虫发生特点及主要应对策略,为城市园林中控制蛀干害虫扩散、危害提供决策依据。     

午潮山常绿阔叶林气候生态效应定位研究

午潮山常绿阔叶林气候生态效应，经过８年（１９８８￣１９９５）定位观测研究，取得了若干规律性数据，加深了对常绿阔叶林生态系统气候生态学特征的认识，为持续经营、保护、利用和发展常绿阔叶林，提供了一定的科学依据。文中较系统地论述了午潮山常绿阔叶林的日照、温度、湿度，林内降水量再分配，酸雨等问题。     

老岭自然保护区的野生果树种质资源

青龙县老岭的野生果树种质资源比较丰富，初步查明有１２种，５０种。简要叙述了主要种的生物学特点及用途，进行了必要的讨论。