现代园林工程施工与组织管理探究

现代园林工程是1个极为复杂的工程之一,在工程施工中一般由多个施工单位共同建造,所以,园林工程施工与管理工作有着十分重要的作用。从园林工程施工组织、施工现场管理和施工成本管理等多个方面探讨并研究园林工程施工与管理过程中应该注意的问题,以便提高工程效率,并建造优质的园林工程。     

城市夜间形象初探

从城市规划和建筑学的角度研究城市夜间形象;结合形态美学、行为心理学、环境心理学等学科进行研究,将安全感、视觉舒适性、视觉趣味、活动激发性以及可识别性作为夜间形象评价指标并分别进行具体地分析。     

The Effects of Agricultural Practices on Carabidae in Temperate Agroecosystems

Ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) occur in all temperate agroecosystems, and have been implicated as predators of many pests, including aphids, lepidopterous larvae, and slugs. Most are polyphagous, and some are primarily spermophagous. The species assemblage present in any particular crop is determined by multiple factors, but usually comprises a limited number of abundantly active species, which may be common to many crop types. Abiotic soil factors, especially soil type and moisture status are important in determining the species present. Crop type affects the carabid assemblage indirectly through cultivation practices and microclimatic changes. Any soil cultivation affects the carabid assemblage, but studies comparing ploughing with reduced tillage have shown varying results, according to local conditions. Pesticides, especially insecticides have a localised and short-term effect, as many carabids rapidly re-invade sprayed crops. The long-term effect of pesticide usage at a landscape scale is, however, more difficult to predict, and may have contributed to the observed decline in carabid diversity in the wider countryside. Whilst fertiliser application is generally beneficial to carabids, comparisons of conventional and organic farming systems suggest that localised short-term variations in species abundances are more important than the overall farming system used. Non-crop habitats are very important to Carabidae, as many use adjacent hedges and field margins for shelter, breeding or dispersal. But other features such as roads may act as barriers to dispersal. It is concluded that further measures need to be taken if Carabidae are to realise their potential in integrated pest management systems.     

关于大学生“村官”工作状况的调研报告

在深入调查研究的基础上,从管理制度的缺失、大学生＂村官＂工作得不到重视、个人能力经验的不足及政策实施不到位的角度分析了当今大学生＂村官＂工作所存在的问题。进而提出了政府应加强政策宣传和引导;加强大学生＂村官＂培训工作;完善大学生＂村官＂的晋升机制以期达到改善大学生＂村官＂工作状况的目的。     

山地农业园景观生态规划研究

以聚相山农业园规划为例,通过土地适应性分析,结合景观构成类型,规划六大生态景点,建立良好的生态景点格局;加强景观斑块互补、注重产业生态循环,建立良好的景观生态系统,提出针对山地农业园可持续发展的景观生态规划方案,以期为山地农业园的规划提供借鉴。     

Integrating in situ quantitative geographic information tools and size‐specific,laboratory‐based growth zones in a dynamic river‐mouth estuary

• 1. The ultimate determination of coastal habitat suitability requires the integration of both dynamic (i.e. water mass characteristics) and stationary (structural) habitats. An approach using real‐time streamed data collection, remote sensing, and GIS modelling to compare and contrast seasonal and spatial patterns in these habitat components of the eastern and western distributaries of the lower Pascagoula River estuary is described.
• 2. Structural and dynamic habitat characteristics are described using GIS and integrated with published growth data on juvenile mullet (Mugil spp.) and spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) to reveal zones of accelerated growth. Both mullet and spot had their greatest growth when water temperature and salinity (dynamic habitat) were physiologically optimal. The lack of spatial difference in the dynamic habitat between distributaries resulted in no growth zone differences for both species.
• 3. The integration of the growth zones with the structural habitat component showed that the west distributary, with its greater availability and reduced fragmentation of main channel marsh edge, should provide a greater area of essential fish habitat than the east distributary for juvenile spot, a marsh‐edge associate. Because juvenile mullet are less associated with structural wetland habitat, growth zones and the stationary (structural) habitat were not integrated.
• 4. The approach of integrating real‐time geo‐referenced water quality data with regional fish growth‐rate data is an important step towards a quantitative understanding of the hierarchical nature and inherent variability of dynamic coastal environments. The use of this holistic approach should lead to more effective management of estuarine systems, especially in regard to potential impacts within the estuary's watershed and to its coupling with offshore environments.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市生态景观建设的指导原则和评价指标

在人口膨胀和快速城市化的全球化背景下,构建人与自然和谐的生态景观是城市景观规划和设计的基本美学观和价值观.缺乏统一的指导原则和评价标准使得城市生态景观建设出现了很多问题,也限制了生态景观的进一步推广和实践.基于文献调研和专家咨询的方式,归纳了城市生态景观的基本内涵和指导原则,并提出了针对性的评价指标.通过问卷调查的方式,获取了170余份有效问卷,据此分析公众对城市生态景观的理解和需求.可以依据该结果为城市生态景观的定量评价提供初步的权重值,为进一步完善生态景观建设的理论和方法提供了参考和依据.     

谈古典园林动·静观及对现代园林设计的启示

在我国古典园林的规划设计和鉴赏实践中,园林的动观和静观是两种最基本的艺术方法,动观是游,静观是息,大园以动观为主,小园以静观为主,园林游赏往往是动静结合,静中有动,而动中含静。从古典园林动观、静观的概念入手,分析了对动、静产生影响的理论,最后谈到对现代园林设计的启示。     

山西忻府区城镇园林植物景观建设方法的探讨

以忻府区城镇园林植物景观建设为例,提出城镇园林植物景观的建设方法：根据城镇特色来制定园林目标,制定植物景观建设工作体系,将城镇与周围乡村景观建设相结合,创造自然化节约型的植物景观,使植物景观多样化与艺术化,并保持一定的绿量水平。     

新形势下园林专业教学改革探索

园林专业教学改革有利于适应社会新的发展,有利于创新人才的培养,有助于拓宽就业渠道。笔者在介绍了园林专业教学现状的基础上,重点从培养方向、教学大纲、教材建设、实践教学、选修课程等5个方面分析了当前存在的问题,提出了2条建议：完善相关配套建设、推行工作室制。