黛袋蛾空间分布型的研究

本文采用多种聚集度指标和Iwao的m*-m回归分析法对桉树人工林中黛袋蛾的空间分布进行研究,结果表明此幼虫空间分布为聚集分布,同时得出该虫聚集行为受自身习性或者环境因素的影响.     

松材线虫传播机理的研究进展

松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus主要靠媒介昆虫松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus传播,并通过天牛造成的伤口侵入松树,因此,掌握松材线虫的传播机制,有助于了解线虫病的发生机理和发生规律。综述了松材线虫与其媒介昆虫关系研究的最新进展。     

铜,锌和甲胺磷对大鳞副泥鳅胚胎发育和仔鱼成活的影响

本文反映铜，锌两种重金属和甲胺磷农药对大鳞副泥鳅胚胎发育和仔鱼成活的影响，得到了三种药物对大鳞副泥鳅胚胎的２４ｈＬＣ５０及对仔鱼的２４ｈ、４８ｈＬＣ５０和安全浓度。结果表明：三种药物均能不同程度的影响大鳞副泥鳅的胚胎发育和仔鱼成活；三者的毒性强度是铜在于锌，铜锌远大于甲胺磷，但仔鱼比胚胎对药物更敏感。     

柑桔实蝇幼虫振动信号的初步研究

对柑桔果实内两种实蝇幼虫的振动信号研究表明,蜜柑大实蝇(Te-tradacus tsunenonis Miyake)以单头幼虫为害,幼虫取食的振动信号频率较高,持续时间较长,容易辨识;桔大实蝇(T.citri Chen)以多头幼虫为害,不同个体的活动导致振动信号的混合和迭加,信号波型变化很大,采用常规示波技术难以进行定性定量分析。作者还讨论了本研究所用仪器的灵敏度和利用幼虫振动信号检测果实的可能性。     

松墨天牛灾害发生风险监测预警研究

通过对松墨天牛灾害发生风险进行剖析,以灾害发生过程中所表现出来的与警源、警兆、警情相关的不同风险因子作为统计指标,建立了松墨天牛灾害预警指标体系框架和内容,并对预警指标体系指标值权重进行设置,构建松墨天牛灾变的监测预警模型。选取南昌市昌北地区2014年松墨天牛发生情况为例进行风险警级评估,计算其综合预警指标值为Y=97.6。由此判定2014年松墨天牛在南昌市昌北地区预警警级为三级,即为重警,该预警的情况与实际发生的情况相吻合。     

赣南松材线虫病发生特点及其与松褐天牛协同关系研究

对赣南苏区松材线虫病[Bursaphelenchus xylophilus(SteinerBuhrer)Nickle]进行了林间调查、监测及室内试验。结果表明,全市松材线虫病发生面积为326.43 hm2,病死松树有878株,平均病株率为0.117 6%,病株主要分布在老疫区章贡区及其周边的开发区、南康区和赣县;发病树种多为马尾松,发病率与树龄有关,成林松林发病显著重于幼林;每年发病时间为7~11月,8月为病树发生高峰期,11月为不明显的次高峰期,与赣南松褐天牛年发生1~2代的生活史相吻合。     

立地因子和林分因子对兴安落叶松鞘蛾的影响

于2011年至2013年,调查黑龙江黑河地区110块标准地(22个小班)兴安落叶松林立地因子、林分因子,分析立地因子和林分因子及生物多样性指数对兴安落叶松鞘蛾平均虫口密度的影响。单因素方差分析与Tukey检验表明,立地因子坡位、坡向、坡度、海拔高度对兴安落叶松鞘蛾平均虫口密度有显著影响(P<0.05);林分因子郁闭度、林型对兴安落叶松鞘蛾平均虫口密度有显著影响(P<0.05),林龄对兴安落叶松鞘蛾平均虫口密度无显著影响(P>0.05);下坡位、中坡位、阴坡、斜坡立地条件下兴安落叶松鞘蛾平均虫口密度较低,郁闭度较大以及珍珠梅兴安落叶松林型的林分兴安落叶松鞘蛾平均虫口密度较小,海拔和林龄对兴安落叶松鞘蛾平均虫口密度的影响无明显规律性。主成分分析及多元回归结果表明,坡向和林型对兴安落叶松鞘蛾平均虫口密度呈正影响,而坡位、坡度、海拔、郁闭度、林龄、木本植物Simpson指数和Shannon–Wiener指数对兴安落叶松鞘蛾平均虫口密度呈负影响。     

越冬代马尾松毛虫虫情调查方法比较

在湖南省洞口县、通道县、会同县共选取4个马尾松毛虫发生区设置标准样地并选择标准株,采用捆草绳、粘虫胶2种方式,调查越冬代下树马尾松毛虫幼虫数量。结果表明:不同的地点,下树越冬的幼虫数量不同,洞口县岩山乡试验林的虫口密度远大于通道县试验林的;不同的时间,下树越冬的幼虫数量差异明显。松毛虫幼虫进入树皮缝隙中越冬是一个缓慢的过程,在湖南,从10月下旬开始,进入树干树皮缝隙越冬,至12月初结束;下树幼虫数量最多的时段在11月9—16日。用捆草绳调查越冬幼虫的方法简易、成本低,且其数据较准确;用粘虫胶的调查方法则一目了然。     

团头鲂胚胎及仔稚鱼发育观察

团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala Yih)是鳊鲌亚科中的重要经济鱼类,现已成为国内淡水养鱼业的主要养殖对象之一。为提高团头鲂人工繁殖中的孵化出苗率和下塘成活率,本研究对其胚胎及胚后发育作了连续观察。根据形态和生态特点,作者认为当仔鱼发育至鳔雏形期就应及时下塘,孵化适温控制在18℃～27℃为宜。     

Growth, survival and biochemical composition of spider crab Maja brachydactyla (Balss, 1922) (Decapoda: Majidae) larvae reared under different stocking densities, prey:larva ratios and diets

The spider crab Maja brachydactyla is overexploited on the NW coast of Spain. Aquaculture of this species can be the solution to the problem, and consequently, several attempts of intensive larval rearing have been conducted. However, most of the studies already published do not provide enough zoo technical data, especially in terms of larval and prey densities or the nutritional quality of diets used for rearing.Three experiments were carried out to evaluate the conditions for intensive larval rearing of M. brachydactyla. Larval stocking density (10, 50 and 100 larvae L^− 1), prey:larva ratio (15, 30 and 60 enriched Artemia larva^− 1) and diet (enriched Artemia, non-enriched Artemia and polychaete supplement) effects on growth and survival of this species were studied. For larval culture nine, 35 L, 150 μm mesh-bottomed PVC cylinders (triplicates for each treatment and larval stage) connected to a recirculation unit, were used. Temperature and salinity were kept constant at 18 °C and 36‰ respectively. A 12 to 18 day trial was conducted for each experiment and samples of larvae were collected at each larval stage (zoea I, zoea II, megalopa) in the inter-molt phase and at first juvenile. Survival, carapace length and width, dry weight (DW), and proximate biochemical content (protein, carbohydrates and total lipid) as well as lipid class composition were determined.Stocking densities of 100 larvae L^− 1 resulted in higher growth in DW and higher content in lipids and protein for zoea I (ZI) and zoea II (ZII) than 10 larvae L^− 1. However, survival decreased with increasing stocking density.The use of 60 preys larva^− 1 produced larvae with significantly higher DW and protein content, especially at ZII stage, than lower prey densities. Survival rate obtained feeding 60 preys larva^− 1 up to the megalopa stage was almost two-fold (42.2%) the rate obtained using 15 preys larva^− 1 (24.8%).Larvae fed on enriched Artemia (EA) showed an increase in weight up to megalopa (518.9 ± 26.5 μg) in contrast to larvae fed on non-enriched prey (A) (467.9 ± 6.9 μg). Variation in DW correlated with the total lipid content (L) of the larvae (L_EA = 70.1 ± 37.5 μg ind^− 1; L_A = 28.9 ± 3.2 μg ind^− 1) especially in terms of neutral lipids. The use of an initial density of at least 50 larvae L^− 1 and 60 enriched Artemia larva^− 1 can be considered the most adequate rearing parameters in order to obtain good results in growth and survival of M. brachydactyla.