庐山应用引诱剂诱捕松墨天牛成虫试验

2009—2011年在江西省庐山,应用福建省林科院研制的FJ-MA-02引诱剂进行诱捕松墨天牛成虫试验。结果表明:松墨天牛成虫在庐山发生期为4月下旬末—9月上旬;随着海拔的升高,成虫羽化高峰期逐渐推迟,海拔220、550、800 m天牛羽化盛期分别在5月下旬、6月中下旬、7月中旬。通过清除松树枯死木、悬挂诱捕器、施放白僵菌等综合技术措施,3个试验点松树枯死木数量2011年与2009年同比下降了62.0%、60.8%、62.3%。说明引诱剂是监测和控制松墨天牛的有效措施之一。     

Pseudomonas associated with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,its insect vector and the host tree: A role in pine wilt disease?

In this study, we characterized the diversity of Pseudomonas associated with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, its insect vector (Monochamus galloprovincialis) and its host (Pinus pinaster), by a culture‐independent approach using rpoD clone libraries. Clone libraries of Pseudomonas rpoD were obtained from B. xylophilus, M. galloprovincialis and infected P. pinaster. Most M. galloprovincialis and B. xylophilus sequences grouped together in the P. fluorescens group. Genes related to xenobiotics degradation and phenylacetate synthesis were present in the genomes of the type strains closely related to sequences retrieved from the nematode libraries. Results demonstrated that the nematode, during its life stages inside the tree, maintains a diverse Pseudomonas community that is closely related to the one associated with the insect vector. These bacteria might contribute to degradation of xenobiotics and tree weakening during the nematode tree infection.     

管氏肿腿蜂寄生对松墨天牛幼虫体质量和营养物质含量的影响

管氏肿腿蜂是多种林木钻蛀性害虫的抑性寄生蜂,雌蜂通过蜇刺抑制寄主氧化反应。为明确肿腿蜂寄生后寄主体内营养物质含量的变化,运用考马斯亮蓝法、蒽酮比色法和残余法,对蜇刺后第0日(初始组)、第2日(寄主初麻痹时)、第14日(子代幼蜂初孵时)处理组和对照组的松墨天牛幼虫体质量、蛋白质、总糖和脂质含量进行测定。结果表明:管氏肿腿蜂寄生后,寄主体质量持续下降;体内蛋白质含量在寄主麻痹初期极显著升高,而在幼蜂初孵时则极显著下降;脂质含量在寄主初麻痹时未见显著变化,而幼蜂孵化前升高显著;但寄主体内的总糖含量变化不显著。研究结果说明,管氏肿腿蜂雌蜂寄生寄主,对寄主体内蛋白质、糖类、脂质代谢产生了影响。     

Reproductive traits and diel activity of adultMonochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) at two different temperatures

To investigate the reproductive traits and diel activity ofMonochamus saltuarius, 14 pairs of the adults were reared and observed at each of 20°C and 25°C. Both sexes were more active at 25°C than at 20°C irrespective of the presence or absence of light. A diel change in behavior during 24 h was found on 33% of a total of 48 observations of three age classes of both sexes. No significant difference was found in the mean longevity between sexes or between the two temperature conditions. The time required for reproductive maturation showed no significant difference within the same sex when reared at 20°C and 25°C. The mean oviposition period was significantly longer at 25°C (28.8 days) than at 20°C (12.2 days). The mean lifetime fecundity was significantly greater at 25°C than at 20°C. There was no significant difference in the oviposition ratio (number of eggs deposited/number of oviposition wounds excavated), oviposition rate or hatchability for females between the two temperature conditions.     

松材线虫病被害木伐桩灭虫试验研究

通过林间调查、根桩解剖、线虫分离等试验,结果表明,在伐桩、木质部内存在数量较少的松褐天牛越冬幼虫;该幼虫次年羽化成成虫,具有传播松材线虫病能力。通过对不同高度伐桩中天牛活体数量调查和农药处理伐桩试验,认为在伐桩高度低于５ｃｍ时,用２０％倍硫磷油剂＋０号柴油２０倍稀释液浇淋伐桩,具有既简单又彻底的杀灭伐桩内天牛和控制松材线虫病的良好效果。     

光肩星天牛与黄斑星天牛幼虫消化道外形比较

黄斑星天牛消化道比光肩星天牛的较短,尤其以中肠明显。黄斑星天牛中肠膨大部分比光肩星天牛长而且皱褶多。     

寄主树木、寄主和环境因子对松褐天牛深沟茧蜂寄生率的影响研究

[目的]松材线虫病是我国对森林危害和威胁最严重的病害,控制其传播媒介昆虫松褐天牛是防治松材线虫病的主要手段。作者发现的松褐天牛深沟茧蜂(Iphiaulax monochamusi Yang)是寄生松褐天牛中老龄幼虫的重要天敌。为明确松褐天牛深沟茧蜂的寄生率与寄主树木、寄主和环境因子的关系,开展了本研究。[方法]通过解剖46株松褐天牛危害致死的马尾松,调查了松褐天牛深沟茧蜂寄生率与马尾松、松褐天牛和环境因子之间的关系。[结果]调查研究表明:寄主树木的高度、胸径和树龄对松褐天牛深沟茧蜂寄生率没有显著影响,松褐天牛的数量对松褐天牛深沟茧蜂寄生率亦没有显著影响,而松褐天牛幼虫龄期和松褐天牛幼虫在树干上的位置显著影响松褐天牛深沟茧蜂寄生率。松褐天牛深沟茧蜂寄生率与松褐天牛龄期呈显著正相关,其偏好寄生3~5龄幼虫;就天牛在其危害寄主树木上的位置而言,松褐天牛深沟茧蜂偏好寄生马尾松主干上部和在韧皮部危害的松褐天牛幼虫,其对位于马尾松树干上部的寄主幼虫寄生率最高,达27.38%,对在韧皮部生活、危害的寄主幼虫寄生率为20.18%,显著高于位于木质部生活的寄主幼虫寄生率(5.46%)。逐步回归分析表明:影响松褐天牛深沟茧蜂寄生率的关键环境因子是寄主树木的坡位和其它天敌寄生率,其中,坡位与松褐天牛深沟茧蜂呈显著正相关,其它天敌寄生率与松褐天牛深沟茧蜂寄生率呈显著负相关。[结论]以上研究初步明确了松褐天牛深沟茧蜂的寄生率与寄主树木、寄主害虫和天敌之间的关系,为今后利用该重要天敌控制松褐天牛打下了基础。     

虫草蝠蛾幼虫空间分布型的研究

应用对青海省内虫草蝠蛾幼虫２ 年的调查资料,通过对丛生指标Ｉ、聚块性指标Ｍ ／ Ｍ 、平均拥挤度Ｍ 、扩散指标Ｉδ、聚集系数Ｃ 和聚集度指标ＣＡ 的测定,阐明了虫草蝠蛾幼虫空间分布格局的基本成分为个体群;种群基本成分的分布格局为聚集分布,并符合负二项式理论分布型。     

2种底栖硅藻饲养杂色鲍幼体和稚贝的饵料效果

用羽纹藻（Pinnularia sp．）、简单双眉藻（Amprhoraexigua）、羽纹藻和简单双眉藻混合（混合组）作为饵料,以自然海区采集的硅藻作对照,研究其对杂色鲍（Haliotisdiversicolor）幼体和稚贝成活和生长的影响,确定人工分离的2种硅藻的饵料效果。结果表明,2种底栖硅藻在杂色鲍育苗中具有一定的饵料价值。饵料种类对不同规格杂色鲍的成活率和生长影响显著,并且2个观测指标的结果相同。幼体羽纹藻组、简单双眉藻、混合组3组间的成活率、生长无显著差异,但都明显比对照组低;稚贝简单双眉藻、混合组和对照组无显著差异,羽纹藻组显著比对照组低。     

Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Cr~(6+)对鳙胚胎和仔鱼的急性致毒效应

研究了Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+、Cr6+ 4种重金属对鳙胚胎发育及仔鱼存活的影响.试验结果表明,在试验浓度范围内,除0.5、1.0 mg/L的Cd2+可促进胚胎发育速率外,其余3种重金属均不同程度地减慢胚胎孵化速率;受精卵孵化率明显低于对照组;初孵仔鱼出现不同程度的畸形;Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+、Cr6+对鳙仔鱼的毒性强度为Cu2+>Cd2+>Pb2+>Cr6+.根据试验数据求得4种重金属对鳙仔鱼的24、48、72、96 h的LC50值及安全质量浓度.