条石鲷胚胎及仔稚鱼的发育

通过对条石鲷胚胎发育和仔鱼发育形态的观察,确定了条石鲷早期发育的进程。条石鲷的受精卵为圆球形、透明、浮性,卵径为0．90～0．95mill,油球1个,卵裂为盘状卵裂。在水温23～24℃,盐度26～28的条件下,受精后7h 10mirh胚胎发育至原肠期;受精后12h,眼囊形成;受精后20h 30min,心跳开始搏动;受精后26h 30min仔鱼孵出。初孵仔鱼全长1．78～2．03min,至5日龄全长3．25～3．30min时,卵黄囊完全消失;至8～15日龄,全长3．50～4．97mm时,鳔形成;至18．20日龄,全长7．10～7．31min时,尾鳍鳍条发育完整。     

岩牡蛎人工育苗技术的研究

于2006年对岩牡蛎Crassostrea nippona的人工育苗技术进行了初步研究。结果表明:种贝促熟时,其最佳放养密度为120个/m3;催产时,用阴干并伴随升温的方法,其催产效果较好;岩牡蛎受精卵的孵化密度在120粒/mL以下时,可获得较为理想的孵化效果;幼体培养密度为10个/mL时,其成活率和日增长率较高;幼体培育期间,将金藻和扁藻按1∶1混合投喂,培育效果较好。     

感染大肠杆菌后家蝇幼虫浆血胞和粒血胞的变化

为家蝇血细胞的功能、细胞免疫机制等的进一步研究提供基础依据,应用倒置显微镜结合姬氏染色观察家蝇3龄幼虫感染大肠杆菌后4h、8h、16h、24h血细胞总数及粒血胞和浆血胞的数量及形态变化。结果表明:家蝇3龄幼虫浆血胞和粒血胞是家蝇幼虫免疫反应的主要免疫细胞,感染后4h血淋巴细胞总数、浆血胞和粒血胞数增高,感染后8h达高峰,之后开始下降;感染后各组浆血胞和粒血胞聚集成堆,出现细胞变形、空泡和核内颗粒浓集。对照组家蝇幼虫浆血胞有细胞分裂,感染后各组可见粒血胞、浆血胞分裂,家蝇幼虫血细胞的自身分裂可能是其重要来源。     

育苗阶段虾夷扇贝幼体中可培养细菌的多样性

为了研究虾夷扇贝Patinopecten yessoensis育苗过程中5个发育时期(受精卵时期S1、担轮幼虫时期S2、D形幼虫时期S3、壳顶幼虫时期S4、稚贝时期S5)幼体所含可培养细菌的多样性,采用2216E平板涂布法,从每个发育时期的幼体样品中各分离出30株细菌,并对150株菌进行16S rRNA基因测序分析。结果表明:150株细菌归属于2门3纲8目12科16属39种;在门水平,5个时期幼体样品中变形菌门均为优势门,其次为厚壁菌门;在属水平,优势属为弧菌属(51/150)、假交替单胞菌属(43/150)、芽孢杆菌属(16/150)、交替单胞菌属(9/150),占总数的79.3%;其中弧菌属在S1(43.3%)、S2(36.7%)、S3(36.7%)时期均为优势属,在S1时期,次优势属依次为假交替单胞菌属(26.7%)、动性球菌属(10.0%)和枝芽孢杆菌属(6.7%),在S2时期,次优势属依次为假交替单胞菌属(23.3%)、亚硫酸杆菌属(20.0%)和芽孢杆菌属(13.3%),在S3时期,次优势属依次为假交替单胞菌(16.7%)、动性球菌属(13.3%)和交替单胞菌属(10.0%);假交替单胞菌在S4(36.7%)和S5(40.0%)时期均为优势属,在S4时期,次优势属依次为弧菌属(30.0%)、芽孢杆菌属(16.7%)和交替单胞菌属(10.0%),在S5时期,次优势属依次为弧菌属(23.3%)、芽孢杆菌属(16.7%)和Pontibacillus(10.0%)。研究表明,虾夷扇贝育苗过程中不同发育时期的幼体所含可培养细菌种类比较丰富,细菌群落结构存在较大差异。     

稻螟蛉幼虫空间分布型的研究

在第3，4代稻螟蛉幼虫盛发期，测定了田间幼虫空间分布格局。其水平分布属于聚集分布中的奈曼分布，垂直分布幼虫多集中在稻株中上部叶片。     

松褐天牛引诱试验初报

松材线虫病[Bursaphelenchus xylophilus(Steiner and Bubrer,1934)Nickle 1970]自1982年在我国南京中山陵发现以来,现已扩散至南京、镇江两市的12个区(县),安徽省马鞍山市、和县及滁县的部分松林。同时,在深圳马尾松林也发现了松材线虫为害(由香港疫区蔓延而来)。松褐天牛Monochamus alternatus Hope为该病的传播媒介。     

宁波市东部用二阶原虫除害法防治松材线虫病效果评价

本文认为用二阶原点除害法清理松材虫病死树能取得次年病死树防治效果（减退率下降５３．２％）,部分林地防治无效是由于防治质量差,松林火灾、人为传播和自然传播因子所致。     

Pine Wilt Disease Caused by the Pine Wood Nematode: The Induced Resistance of Pine Trees by the Avirulent Isolates of Nematode

Since the beginning of the 20th century, pine trees in Japan have been seriously damaged by the pine wilt disease. This disease is caused by the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which is transmitted by the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus. The control of disease depends to a large extent on chemicals, but the public is now demanding environmentally friendly control methods. The virulence of B. xylophilus varies very widely. Pre-inoculation of young pine trees in a nursery with avirulent B. xylophilus has induced systemic resistance of trees against a subsequent inoculation with virulent B. xylophilus. This induced resistance was considered a hopeful means for developing a biological control for the disease. The induced resistance by the avirulent nematodes was also expressed in mature pine trees in a forest where the disease was naturally epidemic. However, the effects of induced resistance were not satisfactory for practical biological control. Since the inoculation with higher concentrations of the avirulent B. xylophilus induced the resistance more effectively, the pre-inoculation method will need to be improved to develop the biological control. The induced resistance of pine trees by avirulent B. xylophilus should be one of the candidate biological control methods against pine wilt disease. This induced resistance also provides an experimental system to clarify physiological interactions between the nematodes and pine trees.     

稻水象甲幼虫发生程度对水稻生长发育及产量损失的影响

稻水象甲幼虫为害水稻根后,导致水稻植株矮缩、发黄、分蘖减少甚至死苗,造成水稻严重减产,本文对稻水象甲发生程度对水稻生长发育及产量损失的影响进行研究。     

不同种昆虫病原线虫对同一寄主个体的竞争及对线虫繁殖的影响

采用注射侵染和自然侵染法，测试了长尾斯氏线虫X-7品系、小卷蛾斯氏线虫All品系和嗜菌异小杆线虫H06品系对同一寄主大蜡螟幼虫的相互作用，及其对线虫繁殖的影响。结果表明，无论是注射侵染还是自然侵染法，对大蜡螟幼虫个体的致死竞争能力最强的是长尾斯氏线虫，其次是小卷蛾斯氏线虫，嗜菌异小杆线虫的致死能力最弱。在同一大蜡螟幼虫体内时。异小杆线虫的繁殖受斯氏线虫的不利影响较大，而两种斯氏线虫的繁殖受异小杆线虫的不利影响较小。两种斯氏线虫对各自的繁殖影响不大。