鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris filix-mas)天山云杉林倒木更新分析

对西天山国家级自然保护区1 hm2典型鳞毛蕨天山云杉林临时标准地内,倒木对更新的影响进行了研究.结果表明:①研究区中所有倒木的平均倾倒方向为西北方向,具有更新个体存在的倒木平均倾倒方向为东北方向;②倒木的倾倒方向对倒木的更新没有显著影响(F3,51=0.645,P=0.589),而倒木的腐朽等级对倒木的更新存在显著影响(F2,51=3.215,P=0.048);③不同腐朽等级倒木上幼苗、幼树的出现概率不同,能为幼苗、幼树生长提供生境的倒木只有腐朽等级高的Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ级倒木,且倒木腐朽等级越高,对幼苗、幼树的生长越有利.     

定向刨花板加固腹板开洞竹木工字梁力学性能研究

为研究定向刨花板(oriented strand board,OSB)加固腹板开洞的竹木工字梁的力学性能,揭示其受力破坏机理。以孔径与腹板高度的比值(d/hw)和补强板型为参数,制作并测试了42根竹木工字梁,考察测试过程中的破坏形态、弯曲变形性能,分析各因素对工字梁力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,当孔径较小(d/hw≤25%)时,试件的破坏形态以翼缘内OSB层裂和腹板剪切破坏为主,孔洞对开洞梁承载力和刚度的影响较小,可忽略不计。当孔径较大(d/hw25%)时,破坏形态以洞口周边受拉和受压破坏为主,随着孔洞直径d增加,孔洞的不利影响愈发明显,开洞梁的承载能力呈下降趋势,但对梁的刚度影响较小。OSB补强板能有效约束孔角裂缝开展,加固后的开洞梁的开裂荷载、正常使用极限状态荷载和承载能力极限状态荷载较未加固开洞梁明显提高,平均提高52.9%、12.1%和28.2%。但OSB补强板对开洞梁抗弯刚度的改善作用不明显,平均提高仅为11.5%。承载力和刚度的提高幅度与补强板类型密切相关,其中,套环定向刨花板(collar oriented strand board,C-OSB)增强效果最好、双U型定向刨花板(two U shaped oriented strand board,TU-OSB)次之,U型定向刨花板(U shaped oriented strand board,U-OSB)最差。C-OSB适合于管道施工前对开洞梁进行加固,而U-OSB和TU-OSB适合加固d/hw不大于75%的开洞梁。粘贴OSB加固开洞竹木工字梁是一种有效的加固方法。     

Fragmentation of leaf litter by a natural population of the millipede Julus scandinavius (Latzel 1884)

Summary The rate and degree of fragmentation of leaf litter by Julus scandinavius in a Sycamore/ash wood in Cheshire, England, were determined from the ratio of surface area of the leaf diet consumed by all individuals of each instar during the period when they were present on the surface area of leaf materials in the faecal pellets. Generally, the rate of fragmentation of leaf litter decreased in the series young instars sexed immature instars mature instars. The total degree of increase in the fragmentation of leaf litter by the population was 72×10⁶.     

竹材化学成分分析和表面性能表征

系统地研究了不同竹龄、部位毛竹(Phgllochysheterocyclavar.pubscense)化学成分的差异;应用化学光电子能谱仪(ESCA)和红外光谱(FTIR)对竹材的表面性能进行了分析表征。结果表明:不同竹龄竹材抽提物差异较大;竹材从根部到梢部,pH值逐渐增加;从竹青到竹黄,pH值逐渐降低;竹青表面的氧原子大于竹黄表面氧原子的比例;竹材的表面主要以木质素和各种抽提物为主,而纤维素和半纤维素含量明显低于木质素和抽提物;靠近竹青处的竹材表面的半纤维素含量低于竹黄,竹青的表面的羟基震动强于竹黄,且竹青表面的活性自由羟基的数量高于竹黄表面。     

木材科学与技术研究新进展

木材作为世界四大基础材料中(钢铁、水泥、塑料、木材)唯一的可再生资源,广泛应用于家具、建筑、能源、新材料等领域,与人们的生活息息相关,已成为国民经济重要支柱产业.从木材微观分子生物学到宏观木结构,再到新型木质纳米材料进行全面阐释,对于木材科学与技术领域的基础理论研究和重大核心技术突破具有重要指导意义.木材科学与技术已发...     

复合硅改性热处理杨木的制备及性能

[目的]针对木材树脂改性剂释放甲醛不环保,无机改性材吸湿性高等问题,将廉价易得的硅石粉溶液化,再有机杂化,制得高渗透、环保、防火的水溶性木材复合硅改性剂,通过真空加压浸渍处理和热处理联合改性,可以有效提高木材的物理力学和阻燃等性能.[方法]分别制备硅油复合硅改性剂(SC2)和偶联剂杂化硅改性剂(HS2),对人工林杨木进...     

Role of basidiomycete fungi in the grapevine trunk disease esca

Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and wood-rotting basidiomycete fungi, namely Fomitiporia spp., are known esca pathogens. However, the effect of their mixed infections and the sequence of infection on disease development is unclear. To determine the effects of single and co-inoculations on symptoms, potted Vitis vinifera ‘Crimson Seedless’ was inoculated with P. chlamydospora either alone or in combination with one of four basidiomycetes: Coprinellus radians, Fomitiporia langloisii, F. polymorpha and the novel species Tropicoporus texanus. Basidiomycetes were isolated from vines with foliar symptoms of esca in California and Texas. In sequential co-inoculations, the effects of different sequences of infection (P. chlamydospora first, basidiomycete 6 months later; and vice versa) were tested, compared to simultaneous co-inoculations. Plants inoculated with P. chlamydospora either alone or in combination with a basidiomycete (in any sequence) did not differ significantly in the length of black-streaking lesions. In plants inoculated only with a basidiomycete, the appearance of large brown lesions, coupled with the absence of this wood symptom from control plants, suggests that C. radians, F. langloisii and T. texanus are pathogenic. Foliar symptoms resembling those of esca in the field (marginal and/or interveinal scorching, combined with red and/or yellow discoloration) were statistically more frequent among plants inoculated with F. polymorpha or T. texanus, either simultaneously or following P. chlamydospora, compared to single inoculations. Sequential co-inoculations of a basidiomycete before or after P. chlamydospora were associated with similar lesion lengths, suggesting that basidiomycetes may not require infection by P. chlamydospora in order to extensively colonize the wood.     

短轮伐期桉树人工林个体林木特征研究

利用广东高要和广西扶绥两地14个2~10年生桉树林分样地共287株样木,研究短轮伐期桉树人工林个体林木特征指标,并比较现有广西良种桉二元带皮和去皮材积公式估算个体林木材积的准确性,分析不同年龄、林分和径阶林木的出材率。结果表明:带皮和去皮林木的胸高形数为0.504±0.004 2和0.529±0.004 4、实验形数为0.410±0.002 4和0.427±0.002 7、形率为0.657±0.003 4和0.690±0.003 6、高径比为1.22±0.017和1.43±0.019。用广西良种桉二元带皮和去皮材积公式估算单株林木带皮和去皮材积与实际材积高度相关(r>0.99),但估算值普遍偏低,平均分别小3.7%和21.0%;尤以用带皮材积公式估算去皮材积比用去皮材积公式估计要准确,平均只小2.3%。如以6年生以上样地和尾径4 cm以上的去皮林木为实际出材,5个相关样地林分平均出材率为(73.3±4.31)%,最小为54.6%,最大为81.5%。     

CCA木材防腐剂活性成分检测方法比较试验

文章介绍了CCA木材防腐药剂中CuO、CrO3、As2O5等活性成分的常规化学分析方法,并与仪器分析方法进行了比较。结果表明,常规化学分析与仪器分析的结果相接近,两者之间的偏差很小,不需做修正便可应用于工业生产上。